Arterial Ultrasound
John McCafferty, James M Forsyth in Point of Care Ultrasound Made Easy, 2020
The main blood vessel arising from the heart is the thoracic aorta. After the aortic arch (which gives off the upper limb and carotid vessels), it descends through the chest as the descending thoracic aorta, and once it passes through the diaphragm it becomes the abdominal aorta. The abdominal aorta then splits to become the common iliac arteries, which split further to become the external and internal iliac arteries. The internal iliac arteries supply the pelvis/buttocks, and the external iliac arteries continue downwards to the groin beneath the inguinal ligament to become the common femoral arteries. The common femoral artery lies over the femoral head at the level of the groin, and just below here it splits into the superficial femoral artery and the profunda femoris artery or deep femoral artery. The profunda femoris artery mainly supplies the thigh, whilst the superficial femoral artery runs downwards toward the knee to supply the calf muscles. The superficial femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery as it passes through the adductor hiatus, then passes behind the knee. Above the knee, the popliteal artery is referred to as the above-knee popliteal artery, and below the knee it is referred to as the below-knee popliteal artery. The below-knee popliteal artery splits into three crural vessels: the posterior tibial artery, anterior tibial artery and peroneal artery. The anterior tibial artery passes from behind the knee through the interosseus membrane to run along the anterior shin and becomes the dorsalis pedis artery that lies in the forefoot lateral to the extensor hallucis longus tendon. See Figure 8.1 for the relevant arterial anatomy.
The Thigh (Anterior and Medial Compartments)
Gene L. Colborn, David B. Lause in Musculoskeletal Anatomy, 2009
Clean the profunda femoris (deep femoral) artery from its origin to its disappearance distally, deep to the adductor longus muscle. Several perforating branches, typically four, arise from the profunda femoris and pass medially about the femur to enter the posterior muscular compartment. The perforating arteries provide the principal sources of blood supply to the posterior chamber of the thigh. Their demonstration is optional in the dissection. The perforating tributaries to the profunda femoris vein constitute the major routes for venous drainage from the posterior chamber of the thigh to the femoral vein.
Femoral shaft, distal femoral and periprosthetic fractures
Sebastian Dawson-Bowling, Pramod Achan, Timothy Briggs, Manoj Ramachandran, Stephen Key, Daud Chou in Orthopaedic Trauma, 2014
The anterior compartment contains the quadriceps, sartorius, pectineus and terminal iliopsoas muscles. The anterior muscles are supplied by the femoral nerve. The blood supply is largely derived from the profunda femoris artery. The medial (adductor) compartment contains the adductors longus, brevis and magnus, supplied by the obturator nerve and obturator branch of the internal iliac artery.
Use of the profunda artery perforator flap in vulvo-perineal reconstruction
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2018
S.S. Jing, B. Winter-Roach, D. Kosutic
The PAP flap has a reliable blood supply. In a fresh cadaveric study by Ahmadzadeh et al. (Ahmadzadeh et al. 2007), the average number of perforators from the profunda femoris artery was 5 +/2 (65% septocutaneous and 35% musculocutaneous). They derive from either the medial or lateral branches of the main artery. The medial branches supply the adductor compartment while the lateral branches supply the posterior compartment of the thigh. The medial perforators have the largest vascular cutaneous territory. The most proximal perforators are located at the inferior gluteal fold, and the most distal lies approximately 10 cm proximal to the femoral condyle. The average internal diameter of the perforators was 0.8+/0.3 mm. The pedicle length from the profunda femoris artery was 68+/33 mm. However, it can be as long as 13 cm. This allows it to be used in free tissue transfer (Allen et al. 2012). The internal pudendal nerve can be taken with the flap for the neo-vulva (Chen et al. 2015).
Imaging changes following surgery for ischiofemoral impingement
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2023
Munif Hatem, Richard Feng, Jordan Teel, Hal David Martin
All surgical procedures were performed by the same surgeon. Patients were positioned supine on a traction table with 20° of contralateral tilt. Patients with positive intraarticular injection test preoperatively underwent intraarticular assessment and associated procedures. The LT plasty was performed endoscopically through a posterolateral approach.3 Three portals were utilized: anterolateral, auxiliary proximal, and auxiliary distal (Figure 2). The LT was reached through a window in the quadratus femoris muscle between the medial femoral circumflex artery and first perforating branch of the profunda femoris artery (Figure 3). The amount of LT to be resected was determined according to the preoperative ischiofemoral space measured on the MRI with controlled positioning of the lower limbs. The observation of hard impingement bone was also utilized as an intraoperative guide for the LT plasty.
Profunda femoris artery perforator flaps: a detailed anatomical study
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2020
Said Algan, Onder Tan
In a recent anatomical study of the profunda femoris artery, they found more frequent (71.21%) posterolateral and lateral aspect origin than posterior and posteromedial aspect origin (24.24%). Their findings are in line with our results [22].
Related Knowledge Centers
- ADDuctor Longus Muscle
- ADDuctor Magnus Muscle
- Femur
- Pectineus Muscle
- Thigh
- Femoral Artery
- Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery
- Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery
- Perforating Arteries
- Fascial Compartment