Bioelectric and Biomagnetic Signal Analysis
Arvind Kumar Bansal, Javed Iqbal Khan, S. Kaisar Alam in Introduction to Computational Health Informatics, 2019
Arrhythmia is a common problem in old age. The heartbeat becomes irregular in arrhythmia. Heartbeat can either slow down or speed up. Bradycardia is a subclass of arrhythmia when the rate of heartbeats slows down. Tachycardia is another subclass of arrhythmia when the heartbeat speeds up. Tachycardia is divided into two subclasses: 1) supraventricular arrhythmia caused by abnormalities in the atria and 2) ventricular arrhythmia caused by abnormalities in the ventricles. Three major problems cause irregular heartbeats: 1) abnormality in ion-channels of heart cells that disturb the depolarization cycle of the SA-node and/or heart-cells; 2) change in the origin of the electrical activity in the heart and 3) fibrillation of heart-muscles. Fibrillation causes: 1) random alignment in heart-muscles disorienting the regular electrical pattern and 2) fibrous tissues that become an alternate source of irregular electrical activities in addition to the SA-node.
Interpreting cardiac rhythms
Philip Woodrow in Nursing Acutely Ill Adults, 2015
Permanent (chronic) atrial fibrillation should not prevent people living relatively healthy lives, provided it is controlled. Historically, digoxin was usually used to control rate, but Task Force (2010b) recommend individualising pharmacotherapy to patients, suggesting four groups of drugs: beta-blockerscalcium channel antagonistsdigitalis glycosides, such as digoxinothers, such as amiodarone.
Arrhythmias in Pregnancy
Afshan B. Hameed, Diana S. Wolfe in Cardio-Obstetrics, 2020
There is an increasing incidence of atrial fibrillation in pregnancy, with recent literature citing it as being the leading cause of hospital admissions among sustained arrhythmias in pregnancy [21]. Risk factors include older age, obstructive sleep apnea, underlying congenital heart disease, and hypertension [21]. Pregnancy-associated atrial fibrillation is also known as lone atrial fibrillation, that is, without a prior history of atrial fibrillation outside of pregnancy and no structural heart disease. These episodes of atrial fibrillation are usually self-limited with low risk of embolic events. There appears to be a high variability in the interventions and care in this group [22]. The general basis of treatment of atrial fibrillation is heart rate/rhythm control, and prevention of stroke.
The use of digital health in heart rhythm care
Published in Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2023
Donald P. Tchapmi, Chris Agyingi, Antoine Egbe, Gregory M. Marcus, Jean Jacques Noubiap
Atrial fibrillation is a supraventricular tachyarrhythmia with uncoordinated atrial activation, leading to ineffective atrial contraction. It is the most frequently encountered arrhythmia in daily clinical practice [57,58]. Age is the strongest risk factor, with the number of new cases doubling with each decade of life [59]. The intermittent and asymptomatic nature of AF poses a diagnostic challenge, leading to a delay in diagnosis, translating to suboptimal care [60]. With the rise of new digital health devices, there is an uptick in AF detection potential. This increase allows screening in the general population, high-risk groups, and following treatment response in individuals diagnosed with AF by keeping records of heart rates and rhythm. Most importantly, it can help understand the relationship between AF burden and its tie to cardiovascular risk [2].
Thermal ablation of biological tissues in disease treatment: A review of computational models and future directions
Published in Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 2020
Sundeep Singh, Roderick Melnik
Thermal ablative therapies have demonstrated rapid progress over the past decade in providing a viable and safe alternative to surgery. Among different hyperthermic ablative modalities that utilize electromagnetic heating, RFA is a well-established and extensively studied modality for treating: (a) different types of cancer (e.g. liver, kidney, bone, lung, breast, prostate and adrenal), (b) cardiac arrhythmia and some types of atrial fibrillation, and (c) chronic nerve pain by providing rapid pain relief. While MWA and nanoparticles mediated laser therapy being rapidly progressing modalities mainly focused on treating tumours. Additionally, the application of laser therapy has also been explored in neurosurgery for treating different types of pathological disorders in brain. Computational modelling has become an important tool that not only assists in providing a priori estimates of the treatment outcomes with better visualizations but can also be used for educational purposes, e.g. providing training and online support to the physicians.
Anticoagulation strategy in patients with atrial fibrillation after carotid endarterectomy
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2019
Murat Ugurlucan, Hakki Tankut Akay, Ibrahim Erdinc, Didem Melis Oztas, Cenk Conkbayir, Erdal Aslim, Cenk Eray Yildiz, Kubilay Aydin, Ufuk Alpagut
Non-valvular atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia among the adult population, which carries considerable risk (between 15 and 20%) for stroke [4]. Atrial fibrillation can be idiopathic without an identifiable cause or may occur secondary to various cardiac structural disorders including cardiac structural disorders including atrial or ventricular dilatation, valvular or ischemic heart diseases [5]. Having relatively similar risk factors, both pathologies, atrial fibrillation and significant carotid artery stenosis, may co-exist in the same patient. The rate of chronic atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy was reported at a range between 4 and 12% in different series in the literature [5–7]. In our modest series we determined coexistence at a rate of 10.3%.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Cardiac Pacemaker
- Cardioversion
- Muscle Contraction
- Atrium
- Ventricular Fibrillation
- Heart
- Cardiac Muscle
- Muscle Cell
- Sinoatrial Node