Congenital airway malformations
Prem Puri in Newborn Surgery, 2017
Laryngomalacia is the most common congenital laryngeal anomaly and is also the most common cause of stridor in neonates.2 This symptom is usually evident soon after birth or within the first few days of life. It is generally mild but is typically exacerbated by feeding, crying, or lying in a supine position. In 50% of children, stridor worsens during the first 6 months of life. A small subset of children with severe laryngomalacia may present with a spectrum of symptoms, including apnea, cyanosis, severe retractions, and failure to thrive. Also, many patients suffer from clinically significant GER. In extremely severe cases, cor pulmonale is seen. The reported incidence of secondary airway lesions in infants with laryngomalacia varies, with some authors reporting rates as high as 50%3 and 64%.4
No organ can make the body sick
Dinesh Kumar Jain in Homeopathy, 2022
Kent also said, “One organ cannot make another organ sick”. But the whole medical knowledge says that one damaged organ always damages the other organ. I am giving a few examples. Chronic obstructive lung disease is a disease of the lung. After sometime, this disease damages the heart, which is labeled as cor pulmonale. Cancer of one organ affects various organs of the body by metastasis. “Carcinoma in the kidney affects adrenal gland, bone, brain, heart, lung, liver, lymph node, ovary, pancreas, skin, spleen, thyroid gland and muscles” (Lee, 1976, p. 538). Similarly, cancer of many organs can affect other organs of the body. Disease of the pancreas gives rise to diabetes mellitus. Diabetes of prolonged duration damages the kidney, eye, and nervous system. Damage in the brain also causes damage to other organs of the body. Brain controls all functions of the body. Damage in the brain leads to hemiplegia, paraplegia, vision loss, speech loss, etc. Hemiplegia means paralysis of half of the body, and paraplegia means paralysis of both the lower limbs. Conclusively, Kent was again wrong in his observations.
Medicine
Andrew Schofield, Paul Schofield in The Complete SAQ Study Guide, 2019
A 54-year-old man visits his GP, complaining of fatigue. He has received a warning at work by his boss, who caught him sleeping at his desk. His wife has put up with his snoring for many years, but has been becoming increasingly concerned that he stops breathing on numerous occasions throughout the night. On examination, he is obese and has a large neck circumference. He is asked to complete a questionnaire. Given the history, what is the most likely diagnosis? (1)What questionnaire will he have been asked to complete? (1)Other than obesity, give two risk factors for this condition. (2)How is this condition diagnosed? (1)Give two aspects of the management of this condition. (2)In severe cases, this condition can lead to cor pulmonale.What is cor pulmonale? (1)Give one abnormality you may expect to see on a chest radiograph of a patient with cor pulmonale. (1)Give one abnormality you may expect to see on an ECG of the same patient. (1)
Inspiratory muscle training reduces dyspnea during activities of daily living and improves inspiratory muscle function and quality of life in patients with advanced lung disease
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2021
Mariana Hoffman, Valéria M. Augusto, Daisy S. Eduardo, Bruna M. F. Silveira, Marcela D. Lemos, Verônica F. Parreira
Advanced lung disease (ALD) is a term used to classify progressive lung diseases with limited prognosis. The most common symptom in patients with ALD is disabling dyspnea or breathlessness (Medical Research Council II to IV) (Bausewein et al., 2007). ALD patients with nonmalignant diseases can be divided into two groups: the obstructive lung disease group and restrictive lung disease group. Patients in the obstructive group will often present with severe pulmonary dysfunction such as forced expiratory volume in 1 s < 50% predicted. Patients in the restrictive lung disease group, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis as the most severe illness, usually present with reduction in vital capacity and diffusion of carbon monoxide. Presence of cor pulmonale, weight loss greater than 10% in 6 months, heart rate greater than or equal to 100 bpm at rest, and a reduction on the 6-min walking test distance (6MWD; <350 m) are frequent in both groups (O’Donnel and Voduc, 2003; Weisman, Lynch, and Martinez, 2003).
Assessment of biventricular function with speckle tracking echocardiography in newly-diagnosed adult-onset asthma
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2022
Sadettin Selçuk Baysal, Mehmet Has
Advanced stage asthma may even result in cor pulmonale by causing cardiac dysfunction (29). Subclinical asthma’s effect on the heart during earlier stages is difficult to detect but it is important for planning the treatment schedule and preventing the cardiac complications. In this regard, there is an apparent need for a noninvasive test can help us. Two-dimensional echocardiography is the most common noninvasive imaging method used for the assessment of cardiac functions. In the conventional echocardiography methods, regional myocardial functions are assessed qualitatively by combining wall excursions and wall thickness measurements with visual analyses, and there is a high inter-observer variability. Assessing the myocardial functions using tissue Doppler (TDI) echocardiography has disadvantages such as angle dependence, limited spatial resolution and single-dimensional deformation analysis. Two-dimensional STE overcomes these limitations; intra-myocardial movements can be assessed three dimensionally (longitudinal, radial, circumferential), and its inter- and intra-observer variability is decreased. For these characteristics, STE stands out as an echocardiographic parameter that can predict left ventricular myocardial injury and possible future cardiac events (13,18). Even though this method was developed to assess left ventricular functions, as with our study, it was also used to assess right ventricular functions in several studies (14,30,31).
Cost and outcomes of acute cardiovascular disease hospitalizations in a tertiary hospital in Ghana
Published in Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 2023
Lambert Tetteh Appiah, Samuel Blay Nguah, Priscilla Abrafi Opare-Addo, Setri Fugar, Jessey Mahama Holu, Yvonne Commodore-Mensah, Bernard C. Nkum, Charles Agyemang, Fred Stephen Sarfo
The median (IQR) length of stay in days for all patients was 5 (3–9). For patients who died and survived, their median (IQR) lengths of stay in days were 5 (3–9) and 4 (2–9) respectively. This difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.112). The median (IQR) number of days spent by stroke survivors was 6 (3–10) days compared to 4 (2–9) days for those who died. Heart failure survivors spent fewer days on admission compared to those who died 4(2–8) vs 6(3–11). Patients with Cor-Pulmonale who died spent ten and a half days compared to 5 days for those who survived (Table 2)
Related Knowledge Centers
- Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
- Ventricular Hypertrophy
- Pulmonary Circulation
- Hypoxia
- Ventricle
- Heart
- Vasodilation
- Heart Failure
- Pulmonic Stenosis
- Acute