Treatment of Vulnerable Plaques: Current and Future Strategies
Levon Michael Khachigian in High-Risk Atherosclerotic Plaques, 2004
Coronary angiography can detect plaques that have ruptured and are nonocclusive. but VPs cannot be reliably detected by angiography before signs of rupture. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), optical coherence tomography, near infrared spectroscopy,25 and thermography have been discussed in more detail in earlier chapters and reviewed elsewhere.26 Each technique offers decided and specific advantages over angiography. All share with angiography the risks of invasive coronary cannulation and are therefore unlikely to be used for routine screening of populations. However, each method could be used as an adjunct to angiography in the highest risk groups of patients already warranting such investigation. Key to the application of these technologies will be the development of practical algorithms applying these methods to appropriate patient groups. As a minimum, for patients to warrant IVUS, OCT, or thermography, some validated systemic marker of high risk, acute clinical presentation, or otherwise suspicious angiogram would be required.
Coronary imaging: Angiography, computed tomography angiography, and magnetic resonance coronary angiography
Debabrata Mukherjee, Eric R. Bates, Marco Roffi, Richard A. Lange, David J. Moliterno, Nadia M. Whitehead in Cardiovascular Catheterization and Intervention, 2017
The clinical implications of unrecognized foreshortening include missed lesions, errors in lesion length assessment, incomplete coverage of lesions by stents, underestimation of stenosis severity, and inaccurate quantitative coronary angiography calculations. In an era of complex and expensive interventions with drug-eluting stents (DES) and other devices, precise length measurements and accurate device placement are critical to minimize the need for additional interventions resulting from inaccurate or incomplete imaging. Recognition of these limitations has resulted in the development of imaging techniques designed to specifically address the weaknesses of traditional angiographic techniques. Technologies capable of minimizing the shortcomings of traditional angiography have been developed and are now in clinical use.6, 15, 18, 25−27
Central nervous system
Dave Maudgil, Anthony Watkinson in The Essential Guide to the New FRCR Part 2A and Radiology Boards, 2017
Are the following statements regarding haemangioblastomas of the neuraxis true or false? There is a recognised association with tuberous sclerosis.They are commoner in the spinal cord than the cerebellum.Angiography may be indicated before surgery.About 1–2% present as solid lesions.Spinal haemangioblastomas are commonly associated with syringomyelia.
Intravenous fluids for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing coronary angiography and cardiac catheterization
Published in Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2020
Winston Y Hong, Mohamad Kabach, George Feldman, Ion S Jovin
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) has been a well-studied phenomenon since its first description by Bartels et al. in 1954 [1]. Iodine-based contrasted studies have had multiple clinical applications, from diagnostic to therapeutic interventions in several organ systems. Angiography involves the injection of radiopaque contrast into the vasculature, in order to properly visualize both organs and blood vessels. Contrast is injected into either the arterial or venous systems depending on the study. The iodinated contrast is eventually renally cleared. The contrast exposure can often lead to side effects, the most common being CIN, making it the third-leading cause of acute kidney injury in the hospital [2]. Many studies define CIN as a 25% relative increase in serum creatinine within 3 days of contrast exposure while others define it as an absolute increase of 0.3 mg/dL above baseline [3], across the same timeframe. There is not a universally agreed-upon definition of CIN at this time. Essentially, it is an acute kidney injury (AKI) in the setting of contrast use.
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Posner-Schlossman Syndrome – A Preliminary Study
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2023
Jinyuan Chen, Xiaoyong Chen, Yihua Yao, Yihua Zhu
The pathologic and etiology mechanisms of PSS have remained elusive. Current research suggested that cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, vascular dysfunction, etc. may be the cause of PSS. The vascular theory considers glaucomatous optic neuropathy to be a consequence of insufficient ocular blood supply.6,7 Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a relatively new, promising, non-invasive imaging modality for retinal vascular examination, which serves as a quick, reproducible, and objective way to qualitatively and quantitatively show areas of altered perfusion in the eye. Its advantages include increasing imaging range with improved detection efficiency, and no need for contrast agents than conventional angiography methods.8 To the best of our knowledge, there is no report about vessel density (VD) in PSS.
Comparative study between multi-detector computed tomography and echocardiography in evaluation of congenital vascular rings
Published in Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 2018
Manal Hamisa, Fatma Elsharawy, Wafaa Elsherbeny, Suzan Bayoumy
Echocardiography was the first imaging modality in diagnosis congenital aortic arch anomalies, but this modality is operator dependent and also limited by an acoustic shadow this leads to inadequate evaluation of great vessels.4,5 Conventional angiography is considered the golden standard in diagnosis of congenital heart disease however it has many disadvantages including it is invasive procedure, needs general anesthesia and also risk of radiation and side effect of contrast agent.6 Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) with increased z-axis coverage, higher spatial resolution (faster more than 360 rotation times) make the delineation of great vessels are excellent with less imaging times and less artifacts using fewer amount of contrast material.7
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