Development and anatomy of the venous system
Peter Gloviczki, Michael C. Dalsing, Bo Eklöf, Fedor Lurie, Thomas W. Wakefield, Monika L. Gloviczki in Handbook of Venous and Lymphatic Disorders, 2017
Blood is initially returned to the heart tube via the paired sinus venosus.11 The portion of the body that is cranial to the developing heart drains through the bilateral anterior cardinal veins, and the caudal portion of the body drains forward through the bilateral posterior cardinal veins (Figure 2.1). The anterior and posterior cardinal veins join to form the common cardinal veins, with the right and left common cardinal veins draining centrally into the sinus venosus. The common cardinal veins also receive the vitelline and umbilical veins; the vitelline veins later form into the hepatic portal system.
Embryology of veins and lymphatics
Ken Myers, Paul Hannah, Marcus Cremonese, Lourens Bester, Phil Bekhor, Attilio Cavezzi, Marianne de Maeseneer, Greg Goodman, David Jenkins, Herman Lee, Adrian Lim, David Mitchell, Nick Morrison, Andrew Nicolaides, Hugo Partsch, Tony Penington, Neil Piller, Stefania Roberts, Greg Seeley, Paul Thibault, Steve Yelland in Manual of Venous and Lymphatic Diseases, 2017
Anterior cardinal (precardinal) veins return blood from the cephalic part of the body; posterior cardinal (postcardinal) veins drain the rest of the body caudal to the heart, and they join to form common cardinal veins passing into the heart through the sinus venosus.
Double superior vena cava: presentation of two cases and review of the literature
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2019
Christos Farazi-Chongouki, Ioannis Dalianoudis, Anestis Ninos, Pantelis Diamantopoulos, Dimitrios Filippou, Stefanos Pierrakakis, Panagiotis Skandalakis
The right anterior and common cardinal veins normally give rise to the SVC. An anastomosis that forms between the right and left anterior cardinal veins become the left innominate (brachiocephalic) vein. The anterior cardinal veins regresses except for a small terminal portion that persist as superior intercostals veins (Figure 8) [6]. When the left anterior cardinal vein regresses, a ligament remains that joins the left superior intercostals vein with the coronary sinus. It is called the ligament of left SVC or Marshall’s ligament (Figure 9). If the left innominate vein fails to develop, the left anterior cardinal vein persists and continues to drain the left brachiocephalic veins. In this situation, it becomes the left SVC. The persistent SVC usually drains into the sinus venosus, which ultimately becomes the coronary sinus [7].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Anterior Cardinal Vein
- Sinus Venosus
- Posterior Cardinal Vein
- Mesonephros
- Coronary Sinus