Cancer Rehabilitation
K. Rao Poduri in Geriatric Rehabilitation, 2017
Physical activity has been shown to benefit the patient over the course of the cancer experience. An increasing number of studies have examined the therapeutic value of exercise during primary cancer treatment. There is strong evidence supporting exercise as not only safe and feasible during cancer treatment, but also that moderate exercise improves fatigue, mood, anxiety, depression, and self esteem. Exercise can be used to improve cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength, and body composition.143,144 For patients with malignancies, there are few standard precautions during rehabilitation that should be followed. Unfortunately, cancer survivors have been identified as being more sedentary than desired by cancer rehabilitation team members. Observations reveal that survivors tend to decrease their physical activity levels after the diagnosis of cancer, with progressively lesser amounts and intensities of activity through the treatment period, and thereafter, rarely returning to premorbid levels of activity.145,146
The Exercise Prescription
Maria A. Fiatarone Singh, John Sutton Chair in Exercise, Nutrition, and the Older Woman, 2000
Most health outcomes appear to be related to the accumulated volume of exercise, and so monitoring compliance as above will theoretically provide evidence that the benefits are occurring. However, there may also be benefit in monitoring the improvements in cardiovascular fitness from training, as aerobic capacity itself has an even stronger relationship to mortality than the level of physical activity. Documenting improvements in fitness may have a reinforcing effect on long-term behavioral adaptations as well. Improved fitness may be shown by Improved measurements of maximal aerobic capacity.Decreased heart rate and blood pressure response to a fixed submaximal workload.Decreased rate of perceived exertion for a fixed submaximal workload.
Physical Activity and Youth
James M. Rippe in Increasing Physical Activity, 2020
There is a strong relationship between regular physical activity and cardiovascular fitness in youth and children both between the ages of 3–6 and 6–17. Increased physical activity can be achieved in a variety of ways, all of which have been shown to improve cardiovascular fitness (26–28). These include after-school interventions and organized training programs. The latter have been shown to improve cardiovascular fitness in children in more effective ways than general physical activity programs. These programs typically involve physical activity or exercise on three or more days a week for 30–60 minutes at 50–90% VO2 max or heart rate (HR) max. The added benefit of childhood physical activity programs is that they set a positive habit that is likely to carry into adulthood.
Leisure time and occupational physical activity, overall and cardiovascular mortality: a 24-year follow-up in the OPERA study
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Asla Suutari-Jääskö, Karri Parkkila, Juha Perkiömäki, Heikki Huikuri, Y. Antero Kesäniemi, Olavi H. Ukkola
Our study showed that LTPA but not OPA predicted the risk of HF. Study subjects who did not exercise (“no-exercise”) at their leisure time had a higher risk to develop heart failure than those who exercised regularly over 30 min in 3 days per week (“heavy regular”). Our findings highlight the importance of LTPA in heart function preservation. Even though the incidence of CVD events seemed to be increased in the “heavy” OPA group the risk of heart failure was not increased. HF is still a moderately frequent complication of myocardial infarction despite advanced treatments in the past decades [37]. Previous studies have reported that endurance training improves left ventricular function and overall cardiovascular fitness [38]. Studies have noted that a higher amount of overall physical activity or physical activity separated by LTPA and OPA reduces the risk of heart failure. Moreover, overall cardiovascular fitness is associated with a reduced risk of heart failure [39]. Combining different types of physical activity increases the risk of heart failure [40]. This finding is seen in our study, even though the overall LTPA even in the “heavy regular” group was relatively small compared to WHO recommendations.
Cardiorespiratory fitness and the relationship between body fat and resting testosterone in men
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2020
Peter A. Hosick, Evan L. Matthews, Steven Leigh
The NHANES used a two stage submaximal treadmill test to estimate maximal oxygen consumption or VO2max. Each test included a warm-up, two stage test, and recovery. In total, there were eight different protocols used to estimate VO2max. The exact protocol used was based upon the age of the participant. A complete description of the cardiovascular fitness estimations can be found on the CDC website (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2004). Briefly, VO2max was estimated by measuring the heart rate response to known levels of submaximal work. This relation can be summed up by the equation for a line: y = mx + b, where y is heart rate, m is slope, x is VO2, and b is the intercept. By rearranging these terms, we can derive the following equation:
Low-impact exercise program for patients with symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis awaiting surgery: a controlled pilot study
Published in European Journal of Physiotherapy, 2020
Elisabeth Thornes, Hilde Stendal Robinson, Stefan Moosmayer, Arne Ekeland, Nina Køpke Vøllestad
The intervention was based on low-impact exercises and was completed the last ten weeks before surgery. The aim was to increase the participants’ cardiovascular fitness, leg strength and balance and included simple exercises that were easy to perform at home or in any therapeutic setting. The exercise programme was not intended to be a therapeutic programme as the exercises were not targeted the participants’ individual physical impairments. However, each participant was supervised and the exercises were supervised individually by a physiotherapist to avoid provocation of pain or increased lumbar extension. The lack of improvement on the performance tests suggests that the intensity of the exercises was too low to achieve the goal. Moreover, the lack of progression in repetitions may have contributed to the absence of improvement.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Aerobic Exercise
- Cardiorespiratory Fitness
- Endurance
- Heart Rate
- Physiology
- Venous Return
- Metabolism
- Hemoglobin
- Physical Fitness
- Physical Strength