Basic life support guidelines (out of hospital)
Godson Nina, Kelly Ryan in Nursing & Health Survival Guide: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, 2018
The person who phones the emergency services (999) should clearly state the following: Address of where the casualty is or landmark.How many casualties there are.What appears to have happened, including the casualty’s condition.Age and sex of casualty.First aid already carried out.A contact number.An AED is an automated defibrillator, a machine that helps the heart to restart and the patient to resume breathing. The AED can be found in some public places and gives clear, simple instructions on how to use it.
Recognition and management of cardiopulmonary arrest
Peate Ian, Dutton Helen in Acute Nursing Care, 2020
There are different types of defibrillator available in clinical practice: Manual defibrillators: these require a high level of rhythm recognition skills on the part of the operator but have the advantage, when used in expert hands, of reducing the delay in compressions to less than five seconds.Automated external defibrillators (AEDs): these are sophisticated computerised devices that can reliably analyse the heart rhythm and, through voice and visual prompts, guide you through safe defibrillation. In areas where staff may not have skills in rhythm recognition and/or do not use defibrillators regularly, training in the use of AEDs is achieved much more easily and quickly than in the use of manual defibrillators, and offers a way of achieving the goal of delivering the first shock within three minutes of collapse.
Recognition and management of cardiopulmonary arrest
Ian Peate, Helen Dutton in Acute Nursing Care, 2014
There are different types of defibrillator available in clinical practice: Manual defibrillators: these require a high level of rhythm recognition skills on the part of the operator but have the advantage, when used in expert hands, of reducing the delay in compressions to less than 5 seconds.Automated external defibrillators (AEDs): these are sophisticated computerised devices that can reliably analyse the heart rhythm and through voice and visual prompts guide you through safe defibrillation. In areas where staff may not have skills in rhythm recognition and/or do not use defibrillators regularly training in the use of AEDs is achieved much more easily and quickly than manual defibrillators and offers a way of achieving the goal of delivering the first shock within three minutes of collapse.
Association of GPS-Based Logging and Manual Confirmation of the First Responders’ Arrival Time in a Smartphone Alerting System: An Observational Study
Published in Prehospital Emergency Care, 2022
Julian Ganter, Jan-Steffen Pooth, Domagoj Damjanovic, Georg Trummer, Hans-Jörg Busch, Klemens Baldas, Daniel Schmitz, Michael P. Müller
When the dispatch center receives emergency calls with the indication “suspected cardiac arrest” or “unconscious person,” the SAS is activated automatically. The SAS system receives the geographical position, which represents the address of the emergency, and the estimated time enroute (ETE) of the closest EMS vehicle. The alerting radius for first responders is set by the SAS with the aim of activating first responders who have a chance of arriving prior to the ambulance. Registered first responders who are located within the alerting radius are activated via the SAS and are asked if they can accept the alarm. A maximum of four volunteers are selected by the system and receive details about the emergency (address and name of the patient). One of them receives the task of bringing a publicly available automated external defibrillator (AED) to the emergency location by navigating to the closest AED when there is one nearby. After the completion of a first responder alarm, the app asks every involved volunteer to fill out a questionnaire.
Strategy to Address Private Location Cardiac Arrest: A Public Safety Survey
Published in Prehospital Emergency Care, 2018
Jennifer Blackwood, Mickey Eisenberg, Dawn Jorgenson, James Nania, Bryan Howard, Bryan Collins, Peter Connell, Tim Day, Cody Rohrbach, Thomas Rea
Prior North American surveys have indicated that many are interested and willing to respond to public locations (8,9). However, less is known about whether citizens and in particular public safety personnel might respond into private locations for cardiac arrest. In the Netherlands, a smart phone application was employed to engage lay rescuers to respond to private locations (8). The program had over 60,000 registered users for a population of 1.2 million persons. The system was activated in about half of cardiac arrest cases and incorporated information about AED locations. Among those where the smart phone application was activated and persons responded to the scene, about a quarter received bystander-CPR by the activated citizen responder (representing nearly 9% [74/833] of all cardiac arrests). These patients with an activated citizen responder had a better survival outcome compared to those where no one responded to the smart phone alert.
Availability and Use of an Automated External Defibrillator at Emergency Medical Dispatch
Published in Prehospital Emergency Care, 2019
Isabel Gardett, Meghan Broadbent, Greg Scott, Jeff J. Clawson, Christopher Olola
Despite recent technological innovations, such as smartphone “apps” that notify public responders (whether off-duty medical professionals or lay bystanders) to respond and provide CPR before the arrival of EMS, the emergency dispatch point remains the earliest possible time to provide CPR if it is not already in progress at the scene. Apps such as PulsePoint, Atrus, and others hold potential for early activation of responders, and possibly for retrieval of nearby AEDs. However, average response times for app-activated responders remain over 3 minutes (27), and in most cases, the responders either cannot respond, find no cardiac arrest on the scene, or arrive after EMS—with only approximately 0.9% of all notifications resulting in CPR being provided by the activated responder (28). The EMD can provide instructions to a layperson on scene immediately, either to perform chest compressions or to retrieve an AED. Moreover, one recent study suggests that verbal instructions on AED location are actually substantially better than a mobile app at getting bystanders to quickly find and retrieve the AED (14). Given this reality, the best use of AED locator apps is probably to embed them in emergency dispatching systems so that the EMD need not rely on the caller's recollection of whether an AED is nearby or its location. Such an integration could allow the EMD to provide specific location information, at least in cases with multiple rescuers, to ensure that CPR is started as early as possible while the AED is being retrieved—and that the person sent to retrieve it has accurate location information.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Arrhythmia
- Basic Life Support
- Cardiac Arrest
- Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
- Defibrillation
- Ventricular Fibrillation
- Heart
- Ventricular Tachycardia
- First Aid
- Certified First Responder