Head and Neck
Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno in Understanding Human Anatomy and Pathology, 2018
The external surface of the temporal bone includes the zygomatic process, mastoid process (mastoid means “breast-like” in Latin, in reference to the rounded shape of this process), styloid process (“stick-like” or “pointed”), mandibular fossa, external acoustic meatus, articular tubercle, carotid canal (for internal carotid artery), the bony portion of the pharyngotympanic tube, the jugular fossa, and the stylomastoid foramen (Plates 3.8a and c and 3.10). The temporal fossa is a depression formed by the parietal, frontal, squamous part of the temporal bone, and greater wing of the sphenoid. It serves to expand the area for attachment of jaw closing muscles. The zygomatic arch (colloquially known as the “cheekbone”) is formed by the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone. The infratemporal fossa lies inferior to the zygomatic arch and includes or adjoins the following structures: The pterygomaxillary fissure lies between the lateral plate of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone and the infratemporal surface of the maxilla; the pterygopalatine fossa lies at the superior end of the pterygomaxillary fissure, and the sphenopalatine foramen is an opening into the nasal cavity (Plates 3.8 and 3.9); the inferior orbital fissure lies between the maxilla and the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, which contains the foramen ovale and foramen spinosum.
Lips
Ali Pirayesh, Dario Bertossi, Izolda Heydenrych in Aesthetic Facial Anatomy Essentials for Injections, 2020
Three muscles insert in the upper lip: Levator labii superioris: Originates at the inferior margin of the orbit cranial to the infraorbital foramen and lies deep to orbicularis oris and superficial to levator anguli oris.Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi: Courses superiorly from the upper lip and located more medially to levator labii superioris, with its origin on the frontal process of the maxilla.Zygomaticus minor: Tracks obliquely in cheek region and originates on the zygomatic arch. It has a more anterior origin site and more cranial orientation in the cheek compared to zygomaticus major.
The Importance of the Zygomatic Arch in Complex Midfacial Fracture Repair and Correction of Post-Traumatic Orbitozygomatic Deformities
Niall MH McLeod, Peter A Brennan in 50 Landmark Papers every Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeon Should Know, 2020
In this study, the authors highlighted that the zygomatic arch is a key area for adequate reduction of the outer facial frame in primary midfacial trauma and in secondary reconstruction of post-traumatic deformities. Specific anatomic landmarks of the zygomatic arch and their influence of the inner facial frame was discussed, and basing the diagnosis on axial CT scans was recommended. The authors stated that the only way to safely expose the entire zygomatic arch was through an extended coronal incision. The surgical approach is described in detail, particularly the location of the frontal branch of the facial nerve in relation to the fascial planes in the temporal region, and the importance of dissecting the coronal flap with the temporoparietal fascia and periosteum over the zygomatic arch. Extensions of the standard approach may be necessary depending on the fracture pattern. Open reduction and internal fixation was mainly done by using miniplates. In secondary reconstructions osteotomies, bone grafting may be necessary to bridge bone gaps and to restore correct orbital volume.
Internal maxillary artery to middle cerebral artery bypass for a complex recurrent middle cerebral artery aneurysm: case report and technical considerations
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2022
Ronan J. Doherty, Daragh Moneley, Paul Brennan, Mohsen Javadpour
Preoperatively the patient underwent computed tomographic angiography (CTA) of the head which was used for intraoperative navigation and localisation of the IMAX (Figure 2). Under general anaesthesia, the patient was positioned supine, with the head in the Mayfield head holder and rotated approximately 45 degrees towards the contralateral side. The previous left frontotemporal incision and pterional craniotomy were reopened. The temporalis muscle was reflected inferiorly and a zygomatic arch osteotomy was performed. Under the operating microscope, a temporal fossa craniectomy was performed consisting of removal of bone of the lateral part of middle cranial fossa floor extending medially as far as a line connecting the foramen rotundum and foramen ovale (Figures 3 and 4). The left IMAX was localised in the infratemporal fossa using a combination of CTA-based neuronavigation and micro-Doppler probe (Mizuho Inc. Tokyo, Japan) (Figure 5). In addition, the deep temporal arteries in the deep aspect of the temporalis muscle were followed proximally to lead to the location of the IMAX.
The effect of retraining hypofunctional jaw muscles on the transverse skull dimensions of adult rats
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2019
Anna Ödman, Andrea Bresin, Stavros Kiliaridis
The differences in dimensions that were detected between the control group and the experimental group at week 21, when the rats had reached early adulthood, were also found at the end of the experimental period. This was expected since the experimental conditions in these two groups remained the same, because no changes in the diet of these two groups had occurred. Although no statistical significant differences were found in the anterior part of the premaxilla between the three groups, the posterior part of premaxilla was narrower in the hypofunctional and the rehabilitation groups. In the rehabilitation group the anterior zygomatic arch width was wider than in the hypofunctional group. It is possible that the 6 weeks of retraining were not enough to catch up to the same width as the control group. Still, during the retraining period the increases in the zygomatic arch width were larger in the rehabilitation group compared with the control group.
Immediate reconstruction of segmental mandibular defects via tissue engineering
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2022
Robert O. Weiss, Patrick E. Wong, Likith V. Reddy
Reconstruction was performed based on a tissue engineering protocol. Both patients were taken to the operative room for surgical resection and immediate reconstruction. A combined intraoral and extraoral approach was used to allow access in both cases. For Patient 1, the zygomatic arch was osteotomized to allow for unfettered access to the expansive lesion. Following anterior osteotomy in the parasymphysis region, disarticulation of the condyle easily aided in completing the hemimandibulectomy. A costochondral autograft was obtained from the patient’s right sixth rib to reconstruct the temporomandibular joint aspect. For Patient 2, the resection did not require disarticulation of the joint, and an osteotomy was performed at the anterior parasymphysis region and mid-ramus. A cadaveric rib allograft was secured to the inferior aspect of the reconstruction plate to provide for an inferior stop for bone grafting material. Nerve allografts were secured to the inferior alveolar nerve stumps and a multilayered water-tight closure concluded the procedure.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Anatomy
- Skull
- Suture
- Temporal Bone
- Temporalis Muscle
- Tendon
- Zygomatic Bone
- Zygomatic Process
- Process
- Zygomaticotemporal Suture