Lower Limb
Harold Ellis, Adrian Kendal Dixon, Bari M. Logan, David J. Bowden in Human Sectional Anatomy, 2017
This section passes through the upper part of the patella (3) and the femur just as this widens into its condyles (7). Note how the lateral portion of the patella (3) has a larger and flatter articular surface than the medial surface. This, together with the low insertion of vastus medialis (20) into the medial side of the patella, helps to prevent lateral dislocation of the patella. The exact alignment of the patellar depends on the relative contributions of the vasti muscles via their tendons (medial and lateral retincacula).
The knee
Ashley W. Blom, David Warwick, Michael R. Whitehouse in Apley and Solomon’s System of Orthopaedics and Trauma, 2017
Exercises should be continued for at least 3 months, concentrating on strengthening the vastus medialis muscle. If recurrences are few and far between, conservative treatment may suffice; as the child grows older the patellar mechanism tends to stabilize. However, about 15% of children with patellar instability suffer repeated and distressing episodes of dislocation, and for these patients surgical reconstruction is indicated.
The Knee
Louis Solomon, David Warwick, Selvadurai Nayagam in Apley and Solomon's Concise System of Orthopaedics and Trauma, 2014
If the patella is still dislocated, it is pushed back into place while the knee is gently extended. A plaster cylinder or splint is applied and retained for 2–3 weeks; isometric quadriceps strengthening exercises are encouraged and the patient is allowed to walk with the aid of crutches. Exercises should be continued for at least 3 months, concentrating on strengthening the vastus medialis muscle.
The effect of vitamin D2 supplementation on muscle strength in early postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Published in Climacteric, 2018
C. Suebthawinkul, K. Panyakhamlerd, P. Yotnuengnit, A. Suwan, N. Chaiyasit, N. Taechakraichana
The vastus medialis muscle is an extensor muscle located medially in the thigh and extending to the knee. It is a part of the quadriceps muscle groups. The muscle groups are used for postural control with the body’s own weight as a load. In this study, we focused on the vastus medialis muscle because it is the muscle that will show early signs of atrophic change in the process of muscle alteration. The gold standard of CSA muscle measurements is MRI. However, MRI is costly and often inaccessible36. A previous study reported that the measurement taken by ultrasound provided good to excellent levels of agreement when compared to MRI images of the same muscle, making it a viable option for clinical evaluation of the size of the vastus medialis muscle37. In this study, the CSA of the vastus medialis muscle showed an earlier sign of change when compared to the muscle mass (BIA), making it an alternative, more sensitive option for the detection and evaluation of muscle improvement. Moreover, the change in muscle CSA in this study is in accordance with the increase in muscle strength, suggesting that muscle CSA may correlate more with muscle strength38,39.
Lower limb muscle magnetic resonance imaging in Chinese patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1
Published in Neurological Research, 2020
Jia Song, Jun Fu, Mingming Ma, Mi Pang, Gang Li, Li Gao, Jiewen Zhang
At the thigh level, former MRI studies on DM1 reached a consensus that the anterior compartment was the most affected region, and the vastus intermedius and medialis muscles were more deteriorated compared to the vastus lateralis muscle, while the rectus femoris was relatively spared [2,13,14]. Our findings confirmed the previous data that the most severely affected muscles in the thighs were usually the vastus medialis and vastus intermedius, followed by vastus lateralis. But to be noted, although the anterior thigh compartment was preferentially degenerated in DM1 patients, the other compartments were also involved as the disease progression. Exceptionally, our data revealed that 1 of the 24 patients showed that the posterior compartment was the most severely affected region in the thighs (Figure 2(k and l)), suggesting that the anterior compartment being the most affected region in the thighs was found in the majority of DM1 patients, but it was not the unique muscle involvement pattern. Regarding the least affected muscles in the thighs, there is no consistent statement entirely. Park et al. [2] reported that the adductor muscles and biceps femoris long head were the least affected in the thighs. Peric et al. [14] revealed that the least affected thigh muscles were the adductor muscles, followed by the rectus femoris, sartorius, biceps femoris long head, and semimembranosus. Hamano et al. [12] revealed that the adductor magnus, biceps femoris long head and gracilis were least affected in the thighs. Our data revealed that the gracilis and rectus femoris were the least affected muscles in the thighs.
Saphenous Artery Perforator Flaps in Minipigs: Anatomical Study and a New Experimental Model
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Yi Zhan, Hongzhang Zhu, Wenwen Li, Qiao Su, Xiao-Lin Liu, Jian Qi
One of the hind limbs was abandoned due to the leakage of perfusion fluid, while the other 11 hind limbs were available for the first stage of the study. The surface projection of the SA was visualized as a line linking the outer one-third point of a line between the pubic symphysis and the outer margin of the acetabulum, and the midpoint of a line between the Achilles tendon and the medial malleolus (Figure 2, left). The SA was found to run between the vastus medialis and the sartorius above the knee, and along the medial muscle surface below the knee of the hind limb (Figure 2, right). The average length of SA was 14.86 ± 0.76 mm. The diameters of the SA at initiation, at the medial tibial condyle, and at the medial malleolus were 1.73 ± 0.15 mm, 1.50 ± 0.12 mm, and 1.30 ± 0.13 mm, respectively (Table 1).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Femur
- Muscle
- Quadriceps Tendon
- Rectus Femoris Muscle
- Thigh
- Vastus Intermedius Muscle
- Vastus Lateralis Muscle
- Knee
- Quadriceps
- Anterior Compartment of Thigh