Biotensegrity
Kohlstadt Ingrid, Cintron Kenneth in Metabolic Therapies in Orthopedics, Second Edition, 2018
Anatomy and biomechanics, then, are based on this frame. In fact, muscles are defined by what they do to bones. To understand muscle function, we learn origins and insertions on bones. As the muscle contracts and shortens, one bone moves in relation to another at a joint space. To control joint movement, we need rapid feedback from receptors in the tissue with rapid signaling back to the muscles to control how the bones move. This framing of the bones as the primary reference point persists even though it is demonstrably false. For example, the vastus lateralis muscle of the quadriceps is described as originating from the femur and inserting at the patella via the quadriceps tendon. Therefore, vastus lateralis is a knee extensor. Yet, a muscle twitch observed on dynamic ultrasonography (Figure 5.3 and Video 5.2) shows that part of the muscle “originates” at the lateral intermuscular septum. This part of the muscle is not pulling on a bone; it is pulling on connective tissue that also distorts other muscles. So, how do we understand movement now? To complicate matters further, the inferior gluteus maximus also tensions the lateral intermuscular septum [2]; so, two muscles shown as separate in standard anatomy texts are actually part of the same myofascial continuity (Figure 5.4).
Anterolateral thigh flap
John Dudley Langdon, Mohan Francis Patel, Robert Andrew Ord, Peter Brennan in Operative Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2017
Starting medial to the descending branch of the lateral circumflex artery, in a lateral direction a sheet of vastus lateralis muscle can be raised. The muscle is usually 1.5–2.5 cm thick and 6–10 cm in width. Although sheets of muscle greater than 10 cm in length almost inevitably have at least one perforator smaller lengths of muscle can be raised by identifying muscular perforators coming of laterally from the pedicle into the muscle. The muscle sheet can be dissected with the skin paddle on top or more distally (Figure 25.4).
The Thigh (Anterior and Medial Compartments)
Gene L. Colborn, David B. Lause in Musculoskeletal Anatomy, 2009
Within the fascia that covers the proximal portion of the vastus intermedius identify and clean the lateral femoral circumflex artery. The descending branch of this artery leads directly into the vastus lateralis muscle and affords a plane of cleavage between the vastus intermedius and vastus lateralis.
Association of gross motor function and activities of daily living with muscle mass of the trunk and lower extremity muscles, range of motion, and spasticity in children and adults with cerebral palsy
Published in Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 2023
Mitsuhiro Masaki, Honoka Isobe, Yuki Uchikawa, Mami Okamoto, Yoshie Chiyoda, Yuki Katsuhara, Kunio Mino, Kaori Aoyama, Tatsuya Nishi, Yasushi Ando
In the present study, the mobility domain of the PEDI declined with decreased vastus lateralis muscle thickness. In the quadriceps femoris muscle, the activity of the vastus lateralis muscle increases from initial contact to loading response during walking.34,35 Furthermore, the physiological cross-sectional area of the vastus lateralis muscle is greatest in the quadriceps femoris muscle.36 The vastus lateralis muscle rather than the rectus femoris and vastus intermedius muscles may contribute to the extension movement of the knee joint in the standing position and during walking because the greater physiological cross-sectional area is advantageous to exert muscle strength. Thus, reduced PEDI mobility domain scores might be associated with decreased vastus lateralis muscle thickness in children and adults with CP as muscle strength of the vastus lateralis muscle is important for mobility such as walking. A previous study demonstrated the association between declined ADL assessed using the mobility area of the BI and decreased thickness of the rectus femoris muscle in children with CP.12 However, the results of the present study revealed the association between declined ADL assessed using the mobility domain of the PEDI and decreased vastus lateralis muscle thickness in children and adults with CP. The inconsistency of these results might be due to differences in age, ADL measurement methods, and statistical analyses between this study (children and adults, PEDI, and stepwise regression analysis) and the previous study (children, BI, and partial correlation analysis).
Endurance training alters YKL40, PERM1, and HSP70 skeletal muscle protein contents in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Published in Endocrine Research, 2019
Christian Brinkmann, Anika Kuckertz, Thorsten Schiffer, Wilhelm Bloch, Hans-Georg Predel, Klara Brixius
The patients underwent a medical check before being enrolled in the study. They participated in a 3-month ergometer endurance training program. The subjects’ data were analyzed: 6 weeks pre-training (T1), 1 week pre-training (T2), and 3–4 days after the 3-month training intervention (T3). The time period between T1 and T2 was used as a control period (instead of using a passive control group) to detect possible variations in the measured variables. Having the subjects serve as their own controls prior to treatment was considered more ethical than using a traditional two-group design, because it does not require taking biopsies from inactive subjects who do not benefit from participating in a study as passive controls. Subjects were instructed to not engage in any physical training during the 6 weeks prior to the training intervention. Furthermore, all subjects were instructed to not change their dietary habits during the study period. The following procedures were performed at T1, T2, and T3: venous blood was collected after a 12-hour overnight fast and before medication intake in the early morning. Shortly thereafter, muscle tissue was obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle. A few days later, the subjects’ physical performance was tested on a cycle ergometer.
Proteomic profiling of carbonic anhydrase CA3 in skeletal muscle
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2021
Paul Dowling, Stephen Gargan, Margit Zweyer, Hemmen Sabir, Dieter Swandulla, Kay Ohlendieck
The fluorescence two-dimensional difference in-gel electrophoretic analysis of aged human vastus lateralis muscle has clearly established an increase of CA3 and this was confirmed by comparative immunoblotting [36]. Alterations in the skeletal muscle proteome, including changes in the concentration of CA3, have been intensively studied by proteomics, as reviewed by Doran et al. [125]. Representative studies include the mass spectrometric survey of (i) the vastus lateralis muscle from middle-aged individuals versus elderly humans [36], (ii) the vastus lateralis muscle from aged women [126], (iii) the vastus lateralis muscle during chronological muscle aging in post-menopausal women [127] and the aged rat sciatic nerve and gastrocnemius muscle [38]. Interestingly, increased CA3 levels in senescent muscle fibers may at least partially be related to the general tendency of a fast-to-slow shift in fiber types due to higher susceptibility of aging type II fibers to degenerative processes [125]. This makes muscle tissue-associated changes in CA3 a potential indicator of both metabolic disturbances/adaptations and fiber type shifting in the skeletal musculature of the elderly. In combination with other muscle-specific markers of sarcopenia, such as the previously established elevated levels of carboxy-terminal agrin fragments in serum specimens, alterations in CA3 could be helpful for the assessment of skeletal muscle impairments as part of the frailty syndrome.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Femur
- Intramuscular Injection
- Quadriceps Tendon
- Thigh
- Tibia
- Greater Trochanter
- Aponeurosis
- Patella
- Quadriceps
- Intertrochanteric Line