Prenatal Development of the Facial Skeleton
D. Dixon Andrew, A.N. Hoyte David, Ronning Olli in Fundamentals of Craniofacial Growth, 2017
Entering the embryonic period of human development, which extends from the beginning of the 4th week until the end of the 8th week (Hamilton et al., 1968), rapid growth of the embryo, particularly of the neural tube, converts the flattened, disc-like structure into a more cylindrical, C-shaped form. Ventrally directed foldings in the transverse and sagittal planes turn the peripheral parts of the embryo inwards, so that the neck of the yolk sac becomes progressively constricted at the future umbilical region. This has the added effect that the outer aspect of the entire embryo now is covered by ectoderm with the endoderm transposed to the internal aspect. At this stage of development the crown-rump length (CRL) of the human embryo is no more than three 3 mm and the arm buds appear as small swellings.
Integrative hyperthermia treatments for different types of cancer
Clifford L. K. Pang, Kaiman Lee in Hyperthermia in Oncology, 2015
Continued to apply the aforementioned medicines at the umbilical region. At this time, the patient showed red tongue with thin and yellow fur, as well as a thready and rapid pulse. Herbal medicines such as Liuwei Dihuang Decoction plus Scutellaria barbata, Lygodium japonicum, and Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb were applied. Continued to apply chelation detoxification, hyperthermia, medical ozone, acupuncture, and other integrative treatments.
Abdominal Swellings in Pregnancy
Tony Hollingworth in Differential Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynaecology: An A-Z, 2015
The anatomical origins of masses in the umbilical region are shown in Box 6. Abdominal aortic aneurysms are typically located in the umbilical region. They have expansile pulsations and if large may be visible on inspection, especially in the thin patient. The upper limit of most abdominal aortic aneurysms is felt as they commonly arise below the level of the renal arteries.
Diastasis recti abdominis and pelvic floor dysfunction in peri- and postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Beatriz Souza Harada, Thainá Tolosa De Bortolli, Letícia Carnaz, Marta Helena Souza De Conti, Adoniz Hijaz, Patricia Driusso, Gabriela Marini
The anthropometric measurements collected were height (cm), weight (kg), and abdominal circumference taken above and below the umbilical point (cm). The IRD was measured with participants in a modified lithotomy position (i.e. dorsal decubitus, with knees and hips flexed, feet resting on the bed, and arms along the body). In this position, two regions were defined using a tape measure and marked with a demographic pencil: the supra-umbilical region (4.5 cm above the umbilicus) and the infra-umbilical region (4.5 cm below the umbilicus) (Bø et al., 2017; Boissonnault and Blaschak, 1988; Chiarello, McAuley, and Hartigan, 2016). The umbilical region was not measured as the participants reported considerable discomfort. Subsequently, they were asked to perform anterior flexion of the trunk until the lower angle of the scapula was off the bed. The examiner palpated the limits of the medial borders of the rectus abdominis muscles and then positioned the digital caliper (Digital Caliper 150 MM 6 Inches, Zaas). The mean of three consecutive measurements was considered the final value for each region. The measurement was performed by a single trained evaluator. To avoid evaluation bias, the researcher first measured the inter-abdominal distance and then administered the questionnaires. Thus, it was not possible to know if the woman had any PFD at the time of performing the physical examination and confirming the DRA.
Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in laparoscopic surgeries: A scoping review
Published in Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia, 2021
Radwa Hamdi Bakr Mohamed, Hawra Al Jubran, Zainab Alsaeed, Sukainah Al-Sahwi, Shahad Alhouri, Walaa Al Turaik
Laparoscopic surgeries are associated with pain and discomfort that may cause a number of side effects such as PONV, delayed functional recovery and increased length of hospital stay [22]. Opioids are efficient methods used to manage pain after laparoscopic surgeries, however their use is frequently accompanied by nausea, vomiting, pruritus, and respiratory depression which may in turn lead to poor patient outcomes and increased cost [12]. TAPB is a technique of regional anesthesia first described by Rafi in 2001, that blocks the afferent fibers in the abdominal wall by injection of a local anesthetic solution in the neurofascial plane between the internal oblique and the transversus abdominus muscle [23]. Several approaches exist for TAPB including subcostal, lateral, posterior and OSTAP. The first approach which is subcostal TAPB blocks the cutaneous nerve fibers supplying the area of upper abdomen below the xiphoid process and parallel to the costal margin. Lateral and posterior TAPB block the nerve fibers supplying the anterior abdominal wall at the infra-umbilical region. However, the lateral approach provides the possibility of blocking the nerve supply to the lateral abdominal wall between the iliac crest and the costal margin. The fourth and last approach is the oblique subcostal TAPB (OSTAP) that blocks the nerve supply to the upper and lower abdomen [3].
Effect of umbilical cord length on early fetal biomechanics
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Juan Felipe Sánchez Gutiérrez, Mercedes Olaya-C, Jorge Andrés Franco, Johana Guevara, Diego Alexander Garzón-Alvarado, María Lucía Gutiérrez Gómez
Last, the effect of UC length on umbilical region tension over a period of time was evaluated. For the longest as well as second longest UC no tension was observed (Data not shown). For 0.02 m and 0.017 m lengths (Figure 7(A, B)) there were time intervals where tension was 0 N, i.e., the fetus rested on the amnion. In contrast, for the shortest umbilical cord, tension was always present (Figure 7(C)), suggesting there will always be a mechanical load on the umbilical region. Furthermore, in comparison with the rest of the lengths, it had the highest value (Figure 7). Overall, tension behavior had a cyclical pattern over time, and each UC length had a distinct umbilical cord tension pattern.