Microbiological Diagnosis of Parasitic Diseases
Nancy Khardori in Bench to Bedside, 2018
Role of permanent staining. Any protozoa detected with direct wet mount or concentrated mount examination, should be confirmed by examining a permanent stained smear. This is important to correctly identify the observed protozoa, which may be difficult to distinguish from other pathogenic or non-pathogenic protozoan stages. Permanent staining allows for a better contrast to observe the characteristic morphological features. Additionally, the smears can be examined at higher magnification using oil immersion objective lens (100x), allowing for better appreciation of structural details. Several staining methods are available such as, trichrome staining and iron-hematoxylin staining. For routine diagnosis, trichrome staining or some modifications of iron-hematoxylin staining are preferred.
Enterocytozoon
Dongyou Liu in Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
The two most commonly used staining techniques include the following: (1) modified trichrome stain—developed in 1992 by Weber,83 which makes use of chromotrope 2R. It is based on Wheatley's modification of the Gomori's stain with two important modifications, using chromotrope 2R at 10× concentration and increasing the staining period. These steps not only expedited the staining process but also provided a good contrast against the background. The Weber's trichrome stain stains the spore of E. bieneusi reddish-pink in color, which appear as rosy oval bodies with a nearly colorless posterior vacuole. The polar filament may take up stronger stain giving a darker contrast at the equator of the spore. The background takes the color of the counterstain used, malachite green, Fast green or aniline blue may be used for the same.2,79,82
Mitochondrial encephalomyelopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS)
William L. Nyhan, Georg F. Hoffmann, Aida I. Al-Aqeel, Bruce A. Barshop in Atlas of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, 2020
Renal involvement may take the form of renal tubular acidosis, and there may be a typical renal Fanconi syndrome [39]. One patient developed a nephrotic syndrome and had focal glomerulosclerosis [16]. A variety of other organs have been involved in individual patients. One had pancreatitis following valproate administration [15]. Others have had peripheral neuropathy with or without rhabdomyolysis [40]. The histologic signature of the MELAS syndrome is the appearance of ragged red fibers in the muscle (Figure 51.8) [1, 12, 13, 37]. These are best seen in the trichrome stain. In H&E, there may be variation in fiber size and increase in connective tissue. Staining with periodic acid Schiff (PAS), NADH tetrazolium reductase, or for succinic dehydrogenase may show increased subsarcolemmal activity. Electron microscopy reveals an increase in number and size of mitochondria (Figure 51.9), some with paracrystalline inclusion bodies [13, 37].
Effect of carvedilol versus propranolol on acute and chronic liver toxicity in rats
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2021
Following hepatic excision, a 4-mm transverse section was taken from the formalin-fixed tissue samples (10%). The samples were dehydrated and embedded in paraffin prior to 4-µm sections being cut. Tissues were sectioned, stained with Mallory's trichrome stain and examined under a light microscope. Stage of liver fibrosis was graded with the METAVIR scale (Bedossa and Poynard 1996), which grades fibrosis on a five-point scale: F0 (no fibrosis), F1 (portal fibrosis without septa), F2 (portal fibrosis with a few septa), F3 (numerous septa without cirrhosis) and F4 (cirrhosis). Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α- SMA) immunohistochemistry was undertaken using a streptavidin-biotin complex immunoperoxidase technique (Trim et al. 2000). Expression of α-SMA was determined according to four categories and each category was assigned a number (Cheung et al. 2006). Grade (Bataller and Brenner 2005): no expression; Grade (Greenwel et al. 2000): individual positive cells expressed in diseased area; Grade (Moal et al. 2006): a few positive cells gathered together and expressed in the diseased area and Grade (Tsochatzis et al. 2009): widespread of positive cells. Results are expressed in numbers according to different categories.
Ameliorating effect of leukotriene receptor antagonist in multi-organ toxicity induced in rat offspring, a possible role for epidermal growth factor
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2021
Walaa Yehia Abdelzaher, Remon Roshdy Rofaeil, Sara Mohammed Naguib Abdel-Hafez, Medhat Atta, Mohamed Ahmed Bahaa El-deen, Dalia Mohamed Ali
Opening a gate for certification of the previous biochemical study was done by histological studies. In AgNPs group, reduction of cortical region with distorted glomeruli and dilated tubules were noticed, which might be a compensatory mechanism after loss of renal excretory function of nephrons by tubular degeneration. All these findings are in accordance with previous studies [22,38,39]. Melanomacrophages were frequently noticed among the sections in group received AgNPs in renal and bone tissue. These cells are structurally similar to the mammalian germinal center, leading to the hypothesis that they played a critical role in the humoral adaptive immune response [40]. The bone tissue showed disorganized epiphyseal cartilage, which is in line with Qin and coworkers who found that release of silver ions and photocatalytic properties that facilitate oxidative stress thus led to tissue damage [39]. Masson’s trichrome stain was used to detect fibrosis [41]. Sections from the group received AgNPs showed obvious deposition of collagen between the renal tubules and bone tissue. All the previously mentioned histopathological changes in bone and kidney tissue occurred with AgNPs were ameliorated by MONT. Furthermore, anti-insulin immunoreactivity in bone marrow cells was reduced in AgNPs group and increased with MONT co-administration. These results are consistent with previous reports who suggested generation of insulin producing cells from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with undeniable role in cartilage growth and bone health [42–45].
Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition potentially via attenuating Wnt/β-catenin signaling to alleviate silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2021
Enguo Zhang, Xiao Geng, Shan Shan, Peng Li, Shumin Li, Wentao Li, Meili Yu, Cheng Peng, Shijun Wang, Hua Shao, Zhongjun Du
The rats were sacrificed on the 28th day after transplantation of BMSCs and exosomes, and the lung tissues of each group were histologically examined. The results of H&E and Masson trichrome staining were demonstrated in Figure 5(A). Red clusters in H&E staining indicated extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells, and blue areas in Masson’s trichrome staining indicated collagen deposition in the rat lungs. Histological examination of lung tissues demonstrated that the alveolar structure of the control group was intact with no obvious inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis. However, in the lungs exposed to silica suspension, the alveolar structure in the silica model group was markedly destroyed, accompanied by a large area of inflammatory cell aggregation and silicon nodules. Compared with the control group, dark blue-stained areas were obviously increased in the silica model group. After exosomes or BMSCs transplantation, inflammatory cell aggregation and collagen fiber deposition was evident, but the area of aggregation and deposition was decreased and weaker compared to the silica model group.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Histology
- Staining
- Acid Dye
- Polyelectrolyte
- Tissue
- Microscope
- Mallory'S Trichrome Stain
- Red Blood Cell
- Muscle
- Collagen