Nuclear Medicine Imaging and Therapy
Debbie Peet, Emma Chung in Practical Medical Physics, 2021
The torso phantom contains lung, liver, spine and cardiac sections in realistic shapes and sizes. The spinal insert is made of increased density material to mimic bone. The lung volumes are filled with polystyrene balls and water to mimic the lower density of lung tissue. The liver and cardiac inserts can be filled with varying activity concentrations, and the cardiac model can have defects added to the myocardium. Figure 5.24(a) shows the phantom being imaged on a solid-state dedicated cardiac scanner. Figure 5.24(b) provides a close-up of the cardiac insert used to mimic activity in the myocardium of the left vertical, and/or inside the left ventricle itself. The resulting phantom images are useful for optimising image processing.
Weight Lifting and Training
Christopher L. Vaughan in Biomechanics of Sport, 2020
Based on the above research, several summarizing statements are appropriate: There is no objective scientific evidence that the squat exercise to the “thighs parallel” position will damage the knee joint. The possible harmful effects of the full squat on the knee joint are controversial. Any “bouncing” action to help initiate ascent from the full squat position will subject the knee joint to much higher mechanical stress.Squats should be performed with a slow, controlled rate of descent to the “thighs parallel” position followed by an immediate initiation of the ascent if stored elastic energy is to be recovered and aid in the ascent.The torso should remain as close to vertical as possible, relative to the anthropometry and flexibility of the trainee, during the entire lift.The movement of the knees forward during descent should be minimized; maximal forward movement should place the knees no more than slightly in front of the toes.Every effort should be made to maintain stable form (pattern of motion) during every repetition in order to load the muscles in a consistent manner.
The Abdomen
Kenneth D Boffard in Manual of Definitive Surgical Trauma Care: Incorporating Definitive Anaesthetic Trauma Care, 2019
The diaphragm divides the torso into thoracic and abdominal components. Particularly with penetrating injury, the penetration may go through the diaphragm, and give misleading signs. For example, a stab wound of the lower chest with a haemothorax may reflect an intra-abdominal injury to the liver, spleen, or kidney, with blood draining through the diaphragm into the chest. All diaphragmatic injuries benefit from early diagnosis and repair. The presence of a defect poses significant risk of herniation of abdominal contents (most commonly stomach or colon) into the chest, because the thoracic cavity is at negative pressure compared to the abdominal cavity. Herniation may occur during the acute trauma phase or may be delayed by months to years and may be acutely life-threatening due to strangulation and/or tension gastrothorax or colothorax.
Effect of Trunk Targeted Interventions on Functional Outcomes in Children with Cerebral Palsy- A Systematic Review
Published in Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 2023
Aishwarya J. Talgeri, Akshatha Nayak, Shreekanth D. Karnad, Preyal Jain, Jaya Shanker Tedla, Ravi Shankar Reddy, Devika Rani Sangadala
A thorough data search was performed on databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro, Cochrane, ProQuest, and EMBASE from inception to August 2021. The search term used for trunk was torso (MeSH). For intervention, the search terms were Exercise interventions, therapy, treatment, exercise, therapeutics (MeSH), exercise therapy (MeSH), exercise (MeSH), physical therapy modalities (MeSH). Trunk control was the search term used for trunk control. The search terms used for Gross motor function were Motor skill, gross motor skills, motor skills, Motor skills (MeSH), motor skill (MeSH), and motor activity (MeSH). For balance, Balance, postural balance, and postural balance (MeSH) were the search terms that were used. Lastly, the search terms used for cerebral palsy were cerebral palsy and cerebral palsy (MeSH). Boolean operators “AND” or “OR” were used to combine the search terms wherever relevant.
Model order reduction techniques to identify submarining risk in a simplified human body model
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
L. Go, J. S. Jehle, M. Rees, C. Czech, S. Peldschus, F. Duddeck
It is important to note that a full HBM model has approximately 2 million elements and 2002), this requires big computational power to generate the training snapshots. Moreover, different body regions of the HBM may suffer a different degree of non-linearity as well. For those reasons and since we are only evaluating submarining, only the pelvic region of the HBM will be used as shown in Figure 2. This simplified HBM is based on THUMS version 5 (Toyota), including pelvic and femur bones with corresponding surrounding buttocks and thigh flesh. The lumbar spine and one part describing the bowel are comprised as well. Lower legs, upper extremities, all head parts, and the rest of the torso are not considered. The simplified HBM is positioned on an accelerated flat board which is connected to a seatbelt over a basic, double-sided spring-modeled pretensioner. The visualization in Figure 2 illustrates the belt-to-pelvis interaction for a sub-component of a full HBM.
Relationship between trunk control, core muscle strength and balance confidence in community-dwelling patients with chronic stroke
Published in Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 2021
Suruliraj Karthikbabu, Geert Verheyden
The patients meeting the eligibility criteria were assessed for their trunk control in a seated position by TIS 2.0. The TIS 2.0, a 14 -item ordinal scale with a score between zero and 16 points (higher is better), is a reliable clinical utility measurement that has been validated. Assessing dynamic sitting balance and trunk coordination is meaningful for stroke patients who had attained independent standing ability and walking capacity. So the subscale of static sitting balance was removed after Rasch analysis.1 The dynamic sitting balance subscale of TIS 2.0 evaluates the selective movement of trunk lateral flexion initiated from the shoulder and pelvic girdle. The possible compensatory movement of the torso and extremities were recorded. The coordination subscale of TIS 2.0 assesses the dissociated rotation from the upper and lower trunk against time.1