In Vitro Plant Regeneration, Comparative Biochemical and Antioxidant Potential of Calli and Seeds of Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poiret
Parimelazhagan Thangaraj in Medicinal Plants, 2018
Plant tissue culture is a technique of culturing plant cells, tissues and organs on synthetic medium under an aseptic environment and controlled conditions of light, temperature and humidity. There has been an increasing interest in developing in vitro propagation techniques for establishing multipurpose clones of selected plants from within highly variable natural populations (Sinha 2000). Plant tissue culture technology holds great promise for micropropagation, conservation and enhancement of the natural levels of valuable secondary plant products and to meet pharmaceutical demands (Harisaranraj et al. 2009). Accumulation of phytohormones to the culture medium redirects the growth and differentiation of somatic cells (Skoog and Miller 1957; Arjun 2011). Novel cell production and isolation in cultured plant cells can arise in two diverse developmental pathways of organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis (Arjun 2011).
Synthetic Seeds Vis-A-Vis Cryopreservation: An Efficient Technique for Long-Term Preservation of Endangered Medicinal Plants
Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter in Medicinal Plants, 2023
Plant tissue culture is in vitro cultivation of cell, tissue or organ in a defined media under aseptic condition (Thorpe, 2007). A large number of pathogen-free plants can be regenerated from a single source through the in vitro propagation method (Cruz-Cruz et al., 2013). Besides clonal propagation, in vitro propagation permits the conservation of germplasm for a reasonable duration. This approach of conservation has gained importance because of its wider application, cost-effectiveness, and least requirement of space (Matsumoto, 2001). In vitro conservation of germplasm can be done either for short-mid term or long-term storage (Villalobos et al., 1991). The basic principle for short-mid-term storage under in vitro condition is to slow down the growth rate of the plant (Kaviani, 2011).
Periodontal Disease and Osteomyelitis
Wilson Harvey, Alan Bennett in Prostaglandins in Bone Resorption, 2020
Tissue culture experiments had shown LPS to be a potent bone-resorbing agent, and its pathological role in periodontal disease has been taken for granted. However, tissue culture is a double-edged sword. While scything through the jungle of biologically active factors by allowing investigation of each individual component it also severs interrelationships between these factors. Hence, assessing the biological activity of each component in isolation can be misleading. This is exemplified by the experiments reported by Raisz et al.49 on interactions between endotoxin and other bone-resorbing factors. Using their standard model of prelabeled fetal rat long bones in culture they found that low concentrations of endotoxin from Salmonella typhimurium, which caused little resorption alone, enhanced the response to submaximal concentrations of OAF, PTH, and PGE2 in a synergistic fashion. These effects were not apparently due to a stimulation of endogenous PG synthesis, as high concentrations (10 μM) of NSAIDs drugs did not affect the synergism.
Research in a time of enteroids and organoids: how the human gut model has transformed the study of enteric bacterial pathogens
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Sridevi Ranganathan, Emily M. Smith, Jennifer D. Foulke-Abel, Eileen M. Barry
While enteroids impart sophistication to epithelial tissue culture models, additional features of the GI tract such as oxygen gradients, physical forces, a diverse microbiome, vascularization, the enteric nervous system, and immune components are not yet fully represented in the model. The challenges in constructing more complex tissue culture models lay in the development of culture platforms to provide individual material support to multiple cell populations yet allow cells the freedom to interact seamlessly. Platforms should also provide access for on-demand sampling of secreted materials. The microfluidic Intestine-Chip seeded with enteroids from the small intestine121-124 or colon125 offers integrated manipulation of mechanical stretch, anaerobic compartmentalization, and endothelial interfacing. Silk scaffolding provides a highly permeable support network for enteroid monolayer communications with lamina propria.126 Other cell support materials such as those based on synthetic127 or extracellular matrix-based polymer networks128 remain to be implemented for enteroid co-cultures.
Echinacea biotechnology: advances, commercialization and future considerations
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2018
Jessica L. Parsons, Stewart I. Cameron, Cory S. Harris, Myron L. Smith
In general, bioreactors may have advantages for propagating cultivars through rapid production of cloned propagules. However, a focus on the growth of whole plants for the production of herbal medicines seems the most beneficial overall currently. Whole plants are technically less complicated to maintain and can produce more complete phytochemical profiles. Even though the price of tissue culture has come down, it is still not feasible to grow full plants to maturity at industrial scale using bioreactors. Therefore, it may be best to use tissue culture as a method of propagation followed by growing cloned plantlets in more traditional field, greenhouse or hydroponic systems. Chemical elicitors are most effective for increasing phytochemical content, and can be included in the production process, along with control of light regimes during indoor production. Such models would take advantage of both the benefits of tissue culture and the existing cultivation space.
Proteome profiling of extracellular vesicles captured with the affinity peptide Vn96: comparison of Laemmli and TRIzol© protein-extraction methods
Published in Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, 2018
Andrew P. Joy, D. Craig Ayre, Ian C. Chute, Annie-Pier Beauregard, Gabriel Wajnberg, Anirban Ghosh, Stephen M. Lewis, Rodney J. Ouellette, David A. Barnett
All tissue-culture materials were purchased from Thermo-Fisher Scientific (Mississauga, ON) unless otherwise indicated. MCF-10A cells were grown in DMEM media supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2 mM l-glutamine (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 500 ng/mL hydrocortisone (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), 1 ng/mL insulin and 100 ng/mL cholera toxin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were grown in DMEM (high glucose) supplemented with 10% FBS, 2 mM l-glutamine (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) and 1 mM sodium pyruvate. Two separate biological samples of each cell type were grown to 80% confluence in 150 mm tissue culture-treated plates. For the collection of EVs from cell-culture supernatant, cells were washed once in their respective growth media containing all supplements, with the exception of FBS. Cells were then left for 24 h in 20 mL of FBS-free growth media [14]. EV-containing growth media were then removed from the cells and centrifuged at 500 g for 5 min at 4°C to remove cells and large debris. Media was further cleared of debris via centrifugation at 2000 g for 20 min at 4°C and 12,000 g for 45 min, and finally by filtration through a 0.22 μm syringe filter.
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