Visual tracts
Matthew Tate, Johnathan Cooper-Knock, Zoe Hunter, Elizabeth Wood in Neurology and Clinical Neuroanatomy on the Move, 2015
Question 24 A 27-year-old woman presents to her GP with a 2-day history of visual loss and pain affecting her right eye, which came on over the course of a day. She says that she noticed that colours became less prominent before her vision deteriorated. She reports that she had a similar episode a year previously, and that she has experienced an episode of transient weakness affecting her legs during the past 6 months. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Please choose the single best answer from the following answers: 1) Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy 2) Benign intracranial hypertension 3) Optic neuritis 4) Pituitary adenoma 5) Toxic optic neuropathy Answers Investigations: SBAs Answer 21 5) Left homonymous upper quadrantanopia: Fibres of the optic radiation representing the lower half of the retina pass through the temporal lobe (known as Meyer’s loop). A mass compressing these fibres in the right temporal lobe will produce a left homonymous upper quadrantanopia.
Central Nervous System, Head and Neck
Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw in The Final FRCR, 2017
The bases of the frontal lobes are more commonly affected as they impact on cribriform plate, orbits and frontal bones; the temporal lobes collide with the greater sphenoid wing. In total, 85" of extradural haematomas are associated with a skull fracture. Longitudinal fractures account for up to 80" of temporal bone fractures. The central nervous system (CNS) is affected by subependymal hamartomas, cortical tubers, heterotopic grey matter islands and subependymal giant cell astrocytomas. Central stenosis is mostly the result of bilateral facet joint degeneration causing a slip. Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is the most common vascular malformation of the cord. There is an abnormal direct communication between the arteries and veins of the cord with a central nidus. World Health Organisation (WHO) grading is the most commonly used grading system for CNS tumours and is useful for treatment planning. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of congenital CNS infection.
Hallucinations Associated with Neurologic Disorders
Ghazi Asaad in Hallucinations in Clinical Psychiatry, 2013
The correlation between hallucinatory phenomena and central nervous system disease has long been noted by investigators and writers. In fact, some researchers have attempted to induce hallucinatory symptoms by electrical stimulation of various brain structures. Penfield and Rasmussen ( 1950 ) succeeded in reproducing visual and auditory hallucinations by electrical stimulation of the temporal lobe cortex. Following that, Mahl et al. ( 1964 ) demonstrated that auditory hallucinations can be induced upon stimulation of deep structures of the temporal lobe using a needle electrode. Horowitz and Adams ( 1970 ) later produced visual hallucinations by stimulating deep structures of the temporal lobe. They also found that the stimulation of the posterior hippocampus was more likely to result in hallucinatory experiences than the stimulation of any other site.
Heinrich Klüver and the temporal lobe syndrome
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 1997
Heinrich Klüver and Paul Bucy described a constellation of symptoms in monkeys following large resections of the temporal lobe that they termed the “temporal lobe syndrome”; now commonly referred to as the Klüver‐Bucy syndrome. The aim of this paper is threefold: (1) to review Heinrich Klüver's behavioral studies on monkeys that led up to his temporal lobe experiments with Paul Bucy; (2) to understand why Brown and Schäfer dismissed the behavioral changes in temporal lobe monkeys they had observed fifty years prior to the studies of Klüver and Bucy; and (3) to show that Klüver's phenomenologically motivated conceptual paradigm helped to unify both neuropsychological and neuroanatomical theories regarding the visual and emotive functions of the non‐human primate temporal lobe.
Prevalence of the Fuld profile in temporal lobe epilepsy
Published in Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 1990
A pattern of performance on the WAIS-R presumably related to temporal lobe abnormalities associated with Alzheimer's Disease was examined in patients with focal temporal lobe EEG abnormalities to determine if the profile was related to other forms of temporal lobe disease. Among 120 patients with unilateral or bilateral temporal lobe EEG abnormalities, only 4 (3%) demonstrated the profile. The presence of the profile was unrelated to laterality of EEG abnormality. These findings were discussed in regard to previous studies and the utility of the so-called Fuld profile.
Otogenous Brain Abscess in the Temporal Lobe with Tentorial Herniation
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 1957
By G. A. Hoogland, E. V.D. Voort Maarschalk
Since Meyer (i) in 1920 first described herniation of a part of the temporal lobe into the incisura tentorii (space of Bichat) several publications on this subject have appeared in neurological and neurosurgical literature. Vincent et al. (2) stressed the point that especially processes in the temporal lobe may give rise to this condition. The symptomatology of tentorial herniation and compression of the brainstem in temporal lobe abscess is described. This important syndrome should be known to the otologist. A report on a case of otogenous temporal lobe abscess complicated by this syndrome is given.