Anatomy overview
Stephanie Martin in Working with Voice Disorders, 2020
The larynx is innervated by branches of the vague nerve on each side. Sensory innervations to the glottis and laryngeal vestibule is by the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve innervates the cricothyroid muscles. There are eight extrinsic muscles, four of which lie above the level of the hyoid – the suprahyoid muscles, which act principally to elevate the larynx and support the hyoid bone. Four lie below the hyoid – the infrahyoid muscles, which act as laryngeal depressors. The latter are particularly important in lengthening the vocal tract, which has a significant effect on vocal resonance. Detailed descriptions of the extrinsic laryngeal muscles can be found in a number of texts, but for the purposes of this chapter an outline of the muscles, their function and innervation are given in Table 1.4.
Thyroidectomy
John Dudley Langdon, Mohan Francis Patel, Robert Andrew Ord, Peter Brennan in Operative Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2017
The medial portion of the sternohyoid and thyroid hyoid as well as the suprahyoid muscles is divided in order to expose the hyoid for osteotomy. Division of the midline segment of hyoid is a mandatory part of the procedure as the cystic tract can be tenuously fused to the posterior surface. The risk of recurrence is elevated if the hyoid is not taken. In addition, removal of the midline hyoid allows for easier retraction and a more thorough superior dissection. A periosteal elevator is used to dissect soft tissue off the hyoid circumferentially such that a 2–3 cm portion may be osteotomized. The hyoid immediately adjacent to the tract should not be dissected along on its deep margin. Rather, the deep sub-periosteal dissection should only be performed lateral to the tract in order to avoid interruption of the lining. At this point, the bone cut can be made with a heavy scissors or fine fissure bur.
Surgical Anatomy of the Neck
John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford in Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
The four suprahyoid muscles lie superiorly to the hyoid bone in the neck and act upon the hyoid, elevating it during swallowing, amongst other functions. This group includes the digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid and geniohyoid muscles (Table 35.6). Whilst not a suprahyoid muscle, rather an extrinsic tongue muscle, we have also included the hyoglossus muscle as it can be a helpful landmark for structures that pass between the mylohyoid and hyoglossus.
Swallow-Induced Eyelid Myokymia: A Novel Synkinesis Syndrome
Published in Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2020
Amrita-Amanda D. Vuppala, Gregory J. Griepentrog, Ryan D. Walsh
We hypothesise that swallow-induced eyelid myokymia, as seen in our patient, is the result of aberrant regeneration involving facial nerve innervations to suprahyoid and orbicularis oculi muscles. The suprahyoid muscles include the stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid and digastric muscles, and are involved in tongue/mouth movements and swallowing. In particular, the stylohyoid muscle and posterior belly of the digastric receive innervation from branches of the facial nerve,23 and function to open the jaw as well as acting as laryngeal elevators, thus assisting in mastication and swallowing. The mylohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric receive innervation from the mandibular branch of the fifth nerve, and the geniohyoid is supplied by the C1 nerve roots which run within the hypoglossal nerve. The orbicularis oculi, the co-innervated muscle in this patient’s proposed synkinesis, is a subcutaneous muscle that is innervated by the temporal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve. It is a muscle of eye closure and also plays a role in tear drainage by helping to ensure proper functioning of the lacrimal pump.
Does the mandibular lingual release approach impact post-operative swallowing in patients with oral cavity and/or oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas: a scoping review
Published in Speech, Language and Hearing, 2023
N. M. Hardingham, E. C. Ward, N. A. Clayton, R. A. Gallagher
Whilst concerns were also raised about the disturbance of the FOM and impact on mastication and lingual function, no published data made any connection between the suprahyoid muscles and their role in the hyolaryngeal excursion. The superior and anterior movement of the hyoid is enabled by contraction of the suprahyoid musculature and is vital to elevate the larynx for airway closure during swallowing, induce epiglottic deflection to further protect the airway and facilitate cricopharyngeal opening and passage of the bolus from the pharynx into the oesophagus (Logemann, 1988; Paik et al., 2008; Pisegna, Langmore, Meyer, & Pauloski, 2020). This represents a significant gap in the knowledge about how the separation of this muscle group during the MLRA may affect the pharyngeal phase of swallowing. Of note, no paper investigated the basis for the swallowing issues with any form of instrumental assessment such as videofluoroscopy which is routinely used by SLP to investigate pharyngeal phase deficits (Logemann, 1988).
Addition of Kinesio Taping of the orbicularis oris muscles to speech therapy rapidly improves drooling in children with neurological disorders
Published in Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 2019
Denise Lica Yoshimura Mikami, Cristina Lemos Barbosa Furia, Alexis Fonseca Welker
Within this context, we hypothesized that application of KT to the muscles responsible for mouth closure could reduce drooling. Several recent studies have assessed noninvasive treatment options for drooling. These options include sensory awareness training, speech therapist-led exercises to improve oral motor skills, behavioral treatment, and application of KT to the suprahyoid muscles.4,8,15,16,19 However, no studies have evaluated the use of KT applied to the orbicularis oris muscles for this purpose. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of KT of the orbicularis oris muscles as an adjunct to conventional speech therapy-based treatment for drooling in children with neurological disorders.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Digastric Muscle
- Geniohyoid Muscle
- Hyoid Bone
- Muscle
- Mylohyoid Muscle
- Skull
- Stylohyoid Muscle
- Neck
- Pharyngeal Muscles
- Mastoid Part of The Temporal Bone