Light safety
Pablo Artal in Handbook of Visual Optics, 2017
The subcutaneous tissue is a layer of fat and connective tissue that houses larger blood vessels and nerves. This layer is important in the regulation of temperature of the skin itself and the body. The size of this layer varies throughout the body and from person to person.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue
Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie in Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 2018
Human skin and subcutaneous tissue have several important functions:Barrier to the environment enveloping the body and protecting against trauma, radiation and pathogens. Regulates temperature and water homeostasis. Organ of excretion for urea, sodium chloride, potassium and water, as well as sulphur-containing metabolites from drugs (e.g. dimethyl sulphoxide) or food (garlic, cumin). The skin has significant endocrine and metabolic functions and interactions. Skin cells contain receptors for and respond to: peptides, steroid sex hormones, thyroid hormones and neurotransmitters and they both produce (cholecalciferol) and metabolise (androgens) hormones and precursors to activate, potentiate and inactivate their functions. Sensory organ with multiple receptors for pain, pressure and movement.
Periorbital Region and Tear Trough
Ali Pirayesh, Dario Bertossi, Izolda Heydenrych in Aesthetic Facial Anatomy Essentials for Injections, 2020
The periorbital is a confluent region which is surrounded by the eyebrows superiorly and temple laterally, which are linked at the lateral canthal region. Inferiorly it is bordered by the inferior palpebral groove and medially by the nasal sidewall (Figure 3.1). The tear trough (TT) is a distinct cutaneous groove extending inferolaterally from the medial canthus to approximately medial to the mid-pupillary line (Figure 3.2). The medial border of the TT lies at the inferior orbital rim. This area has scant subcutaneous tissue, with skin adherent to muscle that is attached to bone. The orbicularis oculi muscle has a direct osseous attachment extending from the anterior lacrimal crest to the medial limbus at the inferior orbital rim. More laterally, the orbicularis oculi muscle attaches indirectly to bone via the orbicularis retaining ligament (ORL) (Figure 3.3). At the level of the medial third of the orbital rim, the TT runs along fibers of orbicularis oculi [2], with the maximum distance from orbital rim to TT at the central aspect of the rim.
Influence of the Thickness of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Covering the Mastoid on Bone-conduction Thresholds Obtained Transcutaneously versus Percutaneously
Published in Scandinavian Audiology, 1994
E. A. M. Mylanus, A. F. M. Snik, C. W. R. J. Cremers
Percutaneous and transcutaneous bone-conduction thresholds were obtained at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz in 57 patients who were fitted with the Bone Anchored Hearing Aid (BAHA). Additionally, the thickness of the skin and subcutaneous tissue covering the mastoid was determined. No relation was found between the thickness of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, and the improvement in bone-conduction thresholds at any of the frequencies, i.e. thresholds obtained percutaneously minus transcutaneously. The improvement (or deterioration) in speech recognition with the BAHA in a subgroup of patients who had previously used a (conventional) transcutaneous bone-conduction hearing aid was not related to the thickness of the skin and subcutaneous tissue layers. Therefore, the thickness of the skin and subcutaneous tissue layers measured pre-operatively cannot be used as a predictor of successful fitting with a BAHA.
The benefits of ultrasonography in diagnosing and assessing auricular chondritis, arthritis, and tenosynovitis in a patient with relapsing polychondritis
Published in Modern Rheumatology Case Reports, 2019
Satoshi Shinohara, Koji Sakamoto
A 72-year-old female patient with relapsing polychondritis (RP) with auricular chondritis, arthritis, and tenosynovitis, was evaluated by ultrasonography (US). On US of the auricle, epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue, and cartilage were observed separately. US of the RP auricle revealed (1) increased subcutaneous tissue thickness, (2) reduced echogenicity of the thickened subcutaneous tissue, (3) power Doppler (PD) signals in the subcutaneous tissue, particularly near the cartilage. These US findings were consistent with histological findings. US also demonstrated hypoechoic synovial thickening of the joints and hypoechoic tendon sheath widening with PD signals, which were indicative of arthritis and tenosynovitis, respectively. After treatment, PD signals disappeared, and hypoechoic thickening of auricle, joints, and tendon sheaths was normalised. As US provides objective visual information of inflammation in the auricle, joint, and tendon sheath in RP, US imaging is useful for diagnosing RP and assessing disease activity.
Disseminated infection with
Published in Sabouraudia: Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology, 1983
R. Busapakum, U. Youngchaiyud, S. Sriumpai, G. Segretain, H. Fromentin
The first fatal case of disseminated infection due to Conidiobolus incongruus is reported. The patient presented with a subcutaneous mass, febrility, weight loss, cough and hemoptysis. Histological examination of skin and subcutaneous tissue, lung, lymph nodes, esophagus, liver and jejunum showed a granulomatous reaction with bright eosinophilic amorphous material and broad hyphae. A fungus cultured from skin and subcutaneous tissue was identified as Conidiobolus incongruus.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Macrophage
- Dermis
- Fibroblast
- Integumentary System
- Fascia
- Adipocyte
- Arthropod