Afferent Innervation of Lungs, Airways, and Pulmonary Artery
Irving H. Zucker, Joseph P. Gilmore in Reflex Control of the Circulation, 2020
Even though slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors do not seem to respond in any consistent fashion to pulmonary vascular changes, their ventilation-modulated input to the medullary centers has a marked reflex influence on cardiovascular function, promoting an increase in heart rate and a decrease in total peripheral resistance. Both the tachycardia and the peripheral vasodilation appear to be mediated through the central neural networks controlling inspiratory activity. Stretch receptor feedback acts synergistically with the cardioaccelerator influence of central inspiratory drive, whereas it inhibits the positive influence of central inspiratory drive on sympathetic vasoconstrictor output (see Daly, 1986). This combination of reciprocal reflex cardiovascular effects would seem to have obvious functional utility, since circumstances (e.g., muscular exercise) that require an increase in ventilation often require a concomitant increase in blood flow. In such circumstances an increase in stretch receptor input would serve to moderate any autonomic influence tending to cause vasoconstriction. These integrated aspects of cardio-respiratory control can be demonstrated clearly in unanesthetized animals, and are dealt with at length in Chapter 21 by S. F. Vatner.
Sensory contributions to control
Andrea Utley in Motor Control, Learning and Development, 2018
The Golgi tendon organ is another type of proprioceptor or stretch receptor found in skeletal muscle, which provides information about changes in muscle tension. Golgi tendon organs are located at the junction of tendon and skeletal muscle and are formed from the terminals of Ib afferent fibers. The sensory endings of Golgi tendon organs are arranged in series with the muscle, in contrast to the parallel arrangement of the muscle spindles. Because of their arrangement, Golgi tendon organs can be activated by either muscle stretch or muscle contraction, with the latter being a more effective stimulus. The actual stimulus that activates the Golgi tendon organ is the force that develops in the tendon containing the Golgi tendon organ. Thus, the difference between a muscle spindle and a Golgi tendon organ is that the latter signals force, while the former signals muscle length and the rate of change in muscle length. The job of the Golgi tendon organ is to act as a brake against excessive contractions by inhibiting the motor neurons in the spinal cord.
Structure and Function of the Lower Urinary Tract
Anthony R. Mundy, John M. Fitzpatrick, David E. Neal, Nicholas J. R. George in The Scientific Basis of Urology, 2010
The emerging explanation for the sensation of bladder filling centers on the layer of myofibroblasts in the lamina propria, referred to above as forming a sort of “unitary stretch receptor” with the epithelium and the interconnecting network of nerves between the two (21–24). Thus, although there are stretch receptors (in the traditional physiological sense) throughout the bladder wall, current opinion is that the bulk of afferent activity originates in this functional syncitium forming the unitary “stretch receptor;” the receptors involved in this system are many and varied but principally muscarinic and purinergic; and that onward transmission of the afferent impulse in the pelvic and other afferent nerves is largely purinergic.
Characteristics of urodynamic study parameters associated with intermediate-term continence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in elderly patients
Published in The Aging Male, 2020
Keiko Iguchi, Tomoaki Tanaka, Akinori Minami, Katsuyuki Kuratsukuri, Junji Uchida, Tatsuya Nakatani
Based on our data, the older patients with low preoperative MUCP and DO did not tend to achieve UC recovery within 3 months of the RARP procedure. In particular, the older patients with preoperative DO tended to have persistent DO in the postoperative phase. In older men, the mechanosensing potential derived from the stretch receptor of target muscle cells is gradually decreased [28]. A strict pelvic floor muscle training program using a biofeedback system [29,30] should be adapted for older patients with a predictive risk of postoperative UI. Furthermore, pharmaceutical treatment (e.g. antimuscarinic agent, beta3 adrenergic agent) for OAB would be helpful for persistent UI after RARP.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Mechanoreceptor
- Muscle Spindle
- Pulmonary Stretch Receptors
- Medulla Oblongata
- Golgi Tendon Organ
- Vasopressin
- Afferent Nerve Fiber
- Chordotonal Organ
- Stretch Sensor