Sternum – Lateral
A Stewart Whitley, Charles Sloane, Gail Jefferson, Ken Holmes, Craig Anderson in Clark's Pocket Handbook for Radiographers, 2016
Fig. 2.79a Positioning for lateral sternum projection. A vertical Bucky DDR system is employed, or a 24 cm × 30 cm CR cassette is selected for use in the Bucky mechanism. The patient sits or stands, with either shoulder against a vertical Bucky or image receptor stand. The median sagittal plane of the trunk is adjusted parallel to the image receptor. The sternum is centred on the image receptor. The patient’s hands are clasped behind the back, and the shoulders are pulled well back immediately before exposure. The image receptor is centred at a level 2.5 cm below the sternal angle. If the patient is standing, the feet should be separated to aid stability. An FRD of 120–150 cm is selected to reduce magnification.
Bones and joints
David Heylings, Stephen Carmichael, Samuel Leinster, Janak Saada, Bari M. Logan, Ralph T. Hutchings in McMinn’s Concise Human Anatomy, 2017
The bones of the body make up its internal supporting framework or skeleton without which the body would collapse like a jellyfish out of water. Through the course of human evolution, the more general four-legged support of the mammalian body concerned entirely with locomotion has given place to locomotion confined to the lower limbs, with the upper limbs becoming specialised for prehensile activities. Bones can be classified as those of the axial skeleton and those of the appendicular skeleton. Bones can also be classified according to their shape as long, short, flat, irregular. Bones are held together to form joints, most of which are mobile, so enabling the whole or selected parts of the body to move as required by the muscles acting upon them. The axial skeleton consists of the skull, hyoid bone, vertebrae, ribs and costal cartilages, and the sternum.
Instrumentation and Operating Theater Set up in Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery
Theo Kofidis in Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery, 2021
Minimally invasive cardiac surgery is a complex operative procedure with its most common concerns over surgical exposure and the potential need for prolonged operative time. Assiduous instrumentation, appropriate operation theater set up, innovations in perfusion techniques, the use of cerebral oximetry and the development of specialized surgical instruments and robotic technology have changed the outcome of the minimally invasive cardiac surgery. Diligent femoral cannulation is a compulsory part of peripheral cannulation technique for establishing cardiopulmonary bypass. Some surgeons prefer a distal small incision in the thigh and complete the cannulation by percutaneous tunneling, which is believed to have a lower angle of entry to the femoral vessels and to reduce the risk of infection and bleeding. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation is a procedure that allows an aortic valve to be implanted by using a guidewire according to the Seldinger technique. It is a less invasive alternative to conventional open heart surgery where the breastbone, or sternum, is divided.
An Alternative Approach to Prescribing Sternal Precautions After Median Sternotomy, “Keep Your Move in the Tube”
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2016
Jenny Adams, Ana Lotshaw, Emelia Exum, Mark Campbell, Cathy B. Spranger, Jim Beveridge, Shawn Baker, Stephanie Mccray, Tim Bilbrey, Tiffany Shock, Anne Lawrence, Baron L. Hamman, Jeffrey M. Schussler
Traditional sternal precautions, given to sternotomy patients as part of their discharge education, are intended to help prevent sternal wound complications. They vary widely but generally include arbitrary load and time restrictions (lifting no more than a specified weight for up to 12 weeks) and may prohibit common shoulder joint and shoulder girdle movements. Having observed the negative effects of restrictive sternal precautions for many years, our research team performed a series of studies that measured the forces exerted during various common activities and their relationship to the sternum. The results, though informative, led us to realize that the goal of identifying “the” appropriate load restriction to prescribe for sternotomy patients was futile. The alternative approach that we introduce applies standard kinesiological principles and teaches patients how to perform load-bearing movements in a way that avoids excessive stress to the sternum.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the sternum
Published in Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, 2009
Hiroyuki Tsuchie, Kyoji Okada, Hiroyuki Nagasawa, Michihiro Yano, Hiroshi Nanjyo, Yoichi Shimada
We report a rare case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis involving the sternum. The patient was a 12-year-old girl presenting with anterior chest pain and swelling. Radiographs and computed tomography showed an osteolytic lesion in the sternum. Technetium bone scintigraphy revealed increased uptakes in the sternum, the greater trochanter of the right femur, and the right distal tibia. Incisional biopsy for the sternum lesion was performed, and the histopathologic diagnosis was Langerhans cell histiocytosis. She was treated with chemotherapy and the symptoms disappeared.
PHACES syndrome with ectopia cordis and hemihypertrophy
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2019
Jad Chokr, Bedros Taslakian, Gilbert Maroun, Gagandeep Choudhary
PHACES is the acronym describing the phenotypic association of posterior fossa anomalies, facial hemangioma, cardiac and eye anomalies, and sternal defects. To date, more than 300 cases of PHACE(S) have been reported. We present the case of a newborn girl who was born with a variant of the PHACES syndrome. Although the sternal cleft and the small facial hemangioma were evident clinically at birth, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain provided additional information to establish the diagnosis. In addition, the patient manifested later with hemihypertrophy, an association that has not been described previously.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Ribs
- Costal Cartilage
- Rib Cage
- Clavicle
- Breastbone
- Ribcage
- Sternite