Arthritis
Harry Griffiths in Musculoskeletal Radiology, 2008
The most unusual of the syndromes associated with reactive arthritis is now known by the acronym SAPHO, which stands for synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis. This primarily involves the sternoclavicular joint but may involve any of the upper ribs, clavicle, and proximal sternum. There are varieties of this condition, including PAO (which stands for pustulotic arthro-osteitis and is similar but related directly to psoriasis). PPP stands for palmar/plantar pustulosis and is probably the same disease as PAO and involves the same bones. It is considered to be a subtype of psoriatic psoriasis vulgaris. Finally, a similar condition involves the mandible, rather than the sternoclavicular joint, and is known as DSOM, which stands for diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis of the mandible.
The shoulder and pectoral girdle
Ashley W. Blom, David Warwick, Michael R. Whitehouse in Apley and Solomon’s System of Orthopaedics and Trauma, 2017
The first 30 degrees of abduction occurs almost entirely at the glenohumeral joint with slight movement of the clavicle at the sternoclavicular joint. From 30 to 90 degrees of abduction the scapula gradually comes into play, with about one-third of the movement coming from the scapula rotating on the thorax. From 90 to 180 degrees, the movement is mainly scapulothoracic and for this reason it is termed ‘elevation’ rather than ‘abduction’. As the arm rises above shoulder height, it rolls into external rotation so that the greater tuberosity clears the projecting acromion. The sternoclavicular joint participates in movements close to the trunk (for example, shrugging or bracing the shoulders); the acromioclavicular joint moves in the last 60 degrees of abduction.
The Articulations of the Upper Member
Gene L. Colborn, David B. Lause in Musculoskeletal Anatomy, 2009
The Sternoclavicular Joint. The bony pectoral girdle consists of the clavicle and scapula. Numerous muscles are involved in the attachment of the pectoral girdle to the trunk; however, there is only one bony articulation, the sternoclavicular joint, formed by the articulation between the medial end of the clavicle and the manubrium of the sternum. The joint contains a very important articular disk which subdivides the joint, allowing for greater complexity of movments possible there. Like the MP joint of the thumb, this is also a saddle joint or, as some authorities refer to it, a double gliding joint.
A comprehensive and volumetric musculoskeletal model for the dynamic simulation of the shoulder function
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2019
Fabien Péan, Christine Tanner, Christian Gerber, Philipp Fürnstahl, Orcun Goksel
The glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, and sternoclavicular joints were modelled as ball-socket joints with a compliance of 0.1 mm/N (Luis et al. 2007), i.e. as attached to virtual point at the joint center with a spring of 10 N/mm stiffness. The acromioclavicular joint center was determined as the most frontal point of the acromion. The sternoclavicular joint center was positioned at the sternum notch. The glenohumeral joint center was determined as the center of a sphere fitted to the humeral head. The above compliance constraint of the glenohumeral joint models the cartilage and the joint capsule, holding a bone close to its rest location while still allowing for some motion of the humerus head under forces in the neighborhood of the glenohumeral joint center. This prevents a simple dislocation under no force, while active muscle involvement provided by the controller is still required for avoiding dislocation during motion. Note that for the motions presented, no joint-stabilizing constraint or cost term were added explicitly to our controller scheme, although this would be possible in order to accommodate more complex motion paths and to emulate physiological rotator cuff function of joint stabilization.
Applying a clinical decision-making model to a patient with severe shoulder pain ultimately diagnosed as neuralgic amyotrophy
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Shoulder symptoms may be the most frequently encountered extremity diagnosis in general physical therapy practice and such symptoms account for about 10% of all patients seen in physical therapy (Kooijman et al., 2013). This creates a high economic burden for society with a mean annual cost of 4139 per patient, most of which was attributed to the cost of sick leave in a Swedish study (Virta, Joranger, Brox, and Eriksson, 2012). The shoulder is a particularly complex joint to examine due to the interrelations of the glenohumeral joint (GHJt), the acromioclavicular joint (ACJt), the sternoclavicular joint, the scapulothoracic joint, and cervical spine. The etiology of shoulder joint pain is diverse and includes pain from any of the joints mentioned above, as well as pain from the surrounding soft tissues, ligaments, nerves, and referral from the cervical spine or visceral organs including the heart and lungs. Pathologies involving the GHJt and surrounding soft tissues can include osteoarthritis, bursitis, rotator cuff tendinitis or tear, subacromial impingement, hypermobility, and labral defects to name only a few. Faced with so many possibilities, the differential diagnosis of shoulder pain can be challenging, even to the most experienced physical therapists. More purposeful and deliberate clinical decision-making processes may be helpful to physical therapists when faced with an unusual clinical picture.
Sports-related sternoclavicular joint injuries
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2019
Justin E. Hellwinkel, Eric C. McCarty, Morteza Khodaee
Shoulder injuries are common in sports, especially among high-impact sports. Common shoulder injuries include acromioclavicular (AC) joint sprain, joint instability, clavicle fracture, glenohumeral dislocation, and rotator cuff injuries [1]. Much less frequent are injuries to the sternoclavicular (SC) joint such as SC dislocations and physeal disruption of the medial clavicle in skeletally immature athletes. Sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) injuries account for 3% of all shoulder injuries and SC dislocations represent less than 1% of all dislocations throughout body [2,3]. Less than 150 total cases have been reported in the literature, however, the actual prevalence is higher, as many cases are not reported. Although many described cases of SCJ injury have been sustained during sporting events, the true prevalence of SCJ injuries in sports-related trauma is unknown due to the rarity of this injury.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Articular Disc
- Fibrocartilage
- Joint Capsule
- Synovial Joint
- Sternum
- Joint
- Costal Cartilage
- Rib Cage
- Clavicle
- Saddle Joint