Non-adrenergic Non-cholinergic Autonomic Transmission
Kenneth J. Broadley in Autonomic Pharmacology, 2017
Biochemical and histochemical studies have shown the presence of dopamine-containing neurones in the kidney and the canine paw pad and in the SIF cells of sympametic gangha. There is also strong evidence for nerves rich in dopamine in the gut and vas deferens. The kidney has been the most studied organ where dopaminergic sympathetic neurones have been shown to enter, together with the vasculature. A population of sympathetic nerves having a high dopa-decarboxylase immunoreactivity have been identified in a proportion of 5–20% of the total catecholamine-containing nerves (Harris et al. 1986). The neurones terminate in the renal cortex and electron microscopy has shown them to supply the juxtaglomerular blood vessels and tubular elements in the dog, rat and human kidney (Bell 1990). Further study of dopaminergic nerves has been made by analysis of the dopamine:noradrenaline ratio (DA: NA) in sympathetic ganglia which send projections to tissues such as the dog kidney, where dopaminergic neurones are thought to occur. The DA: NA ratio (DA being 8–10% of NA) in ganglia projecting to the kidney and hind limb vasculature was about twice that of neighbouring ganglia thought to project only noradrenergic neurones. Similarly, there is some evidence of ganglia in which neurones have a high immunoreactivity to dopa-decarboxylase but low dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH), which suggests high dopamine synthesis but low conversion to noradrenaline.
Critical Appraisal of Animal Models for Antibiotic Toxicity
Adorjan Aszalos in Modern Analysis of Antibiotics, 2020
Lesions encountered in the renal cortex included tubular vacuolar or granular degeneration, peritubular inflammation, tubular necrosis, tubular dilatation, tubular basophilia, and interstitial fibrosis. The extent and distribution of each of these lesions in both kidneys of every rat were scored as follows: 0, absence of lesion; 1, lesion represented in fewer than 10% of the nephrons; 2, lesion represented in 10–50% of the nephrons; 3, lesion represented in 50–90% of the nephrons; and 4, lesion represented in more than 90% of the nephrons. Since these lesions are all interrelated and represent various stages of proximal tubular damage, the lesion scores were summed to produce a single nephrotoxicity response for each animal, with a possible severity range of 0–24.
Urology
Janesh K Gupta in Core Clinical Cases in Surgery and Surgical Specialties, 2014
A5: What investigations would be most helpful and why? Renal function tests are useful.Dilatation of the renal tract is often identified with an ultrasound scan. The thickness of the renal cortex often allows interpretation of the duration of the obstruction and reversible nature of obstruction. A thin renal cortex often implies long-standing disease with irreversible renal damage.CT is used to assess retroperitoneum and pelvic masses or to stage a neoplastic disease.
Therapeutic role of Azadirachta indica leaves ethanolic extract against diabetic nephropathy in rats neonatally induced by streptozotocin
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2021
Abd El-Fattah B. M. El-Beltagy, Amira M.B. Saleh, Amany Attaallah , Reham A. Gahnem
The renal sections from control (Figure 2A&A1) and neem supplemented (Figure 2B&B1) rats appeared with normal histological architecture whereas it is differentiated into outer cortex and inner medulla. The renal cortex displayed well-organized renal corpuscles and tubules. The renal corpuscle consists of glomerulus that is surrounded by Bowman’s space and intact Bowman’s capsule that lined with simple squamous epithelium. The renal tubules represented by proximal tubules (PT), distal tubules (DT) and collecting ducts (CD). The PT is characterized by its star-shaped lumen that is lined with brush bordered cubical epithelium. Moreover, the DT has relatively rounded lumen that lined by cubical epithelium with little microvilli. The CD lined with short cubical epithelium and has a relatively wider lumen than the PT and DT. The renal medulla displayed well-organized collecting ducts and Henel,s loops.
Impact of betanin against paracetamol and diclofenac induced hepato-renal damage in rats
Published in Biomarkers, 2020
Tarek K. Motawi, Samia A. Ahmed, Noha A. El-Boghdady, Nadia S. Metwally, Noha N. Nasr
Regarding, the kidney, ordinary histological structure of renal cortex with normal glomerulus and normal pattern of proximal and distal convoluted tubules were observed in kidney section of NC rats (Figure 4(f)). While, kidney sections from PAR group showed a high cellularity in renal cortex with obliterated capsular space and destructed epithelial lining of proximal and distal convoluted tubules (Figure 4(g)). Additionally, ill-defined renal cortex with increased corpuscular space and swelling in the epithelial lining of proximal and distal convoluted tubules were showed in kidney section of DF group (Figure 4(i)). On the other side, Bet administration with PAR and DF counteracted the damaging effects in kidney morphology as indicated by preserved renal cortex with normal glomerulus and mild thinned epithelial lining of proximal and distal convoluted tubules (Figure 4(h,j) for PAR/Bet and DF/Bet, respectively). The Semi-quantitative assessment of the severity of reaction in the kidney was shown in Table 3.
Aging erythrocyte membranes as biomimetic nanometer carriers of liver-targeting chromium poisoning treatment
Published in Drug Delivery, 2021
Qing Yao, Guobao Yang, Hao Wang, Jingzhou Liu, Jinpeng Zheng, Bai Lv, Meiyan Yang, Yang Yang, Chunsheng Gao, Yongxue Guo
Mice were intravenously injected with K2CrO4, and the treatment was started on the 8th day. After 14 days, HE staining of the sections of the main organs of the mice was observed, as shown in Figure 4(E). The liver and lungs of the K2CrO4 poisoning group were damaged to a certain extent. The liver, spleen, and lung tissues of the free-DMSA, DMSA-NLC, and AEM-DMSA-NP groups (compared to the K2CrO4-infected group) were not significantly affected. The HE staining of muscle fibers in each heart tissue was uniform, the epicardium was not thickened, some muscle spaces were not significantly enlarged or smaller, myocardial nuclei were round or oval, the transverse striations of muscle fibers were clear, and no eosinophilic lesions were seen in the muscle fibers (Huang et al., 2018). In the renal tissue, the renal capsule was smooth, the boundary between the cortex and medulla was obvious, the glomeruli in the renal cortex were normal and evenly distributed, and no obvious changes were observed in the renal medulla area. The brain tissue of each group was clear, the nerve cells were closely arranged, the nucleus was clear, and the cytoplasmic nucleus was clearly stained. The results showed that DMSA had low toxicity and a good effect on detoxifying chromium poisoning.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Collecting Duct System
- Loop of Henle
- Nephron
- Renal Capsule
- Renal Corpuscle
- Renal Medulla
- Ultrafiltration
- Kidney
- Renal Column
- Loop of Henle
- Erythropoietin