Upper Limb
Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno in Understanding Human Anatomy and Pathology, 2018
Between the head of the radius and the radial tuberosity lies the neck of the radius, and posterior to the radial tuberosity lies the anterior oblique line of the radius (Plate 4.12a–c), which serves as a muscle attachment. There is a logic to the names of the characteristics of the radius and ulna. A tuberosity is a prominence of a bone, so the bone’s name comes before the term “tuberosity,” because that bone is the active player—for instance, the tuberosity on the radius is called the radial tuberosity. A notch on a bone often receives the prominences of another bone, so the notched bone is the passive player now. Therefore, the name of the active player is used before the term “notch,” so, for example, the ulna has a notch to receive the head of the radius, and this notch is accordingly designated the radial notch of the ulna.
Upper limb
David Heylings, Stephen Carmichael, Samuel Leinster, Janak Saada, Bari M. Logan, Ralph T. Hutchings in McMinn’s Concise Human Anatomy, 2017
The elbow joint is a hinge joint with muscles arranged appropriately to allow its movement. Which statement below most accurately describes muscle location and action at this important joint?Attaching to the medial epicondyle, this muscle attaches to the distal radius and is involved in flexion.Attaching to the supercondylar ridge laterally, this muscle attaches tothe distal radius and is involved in flexion.Attaching to the distal humerus posteriorly, this muscle attaches to the coronoid process of the ulna and is involved in flexion.Attaching to the mid shaft of the humerus, this muscle with two heads passes distally to attach to the radial tuberosity and is involved in flexion.Attaching to the lateral epicondyle and the supinator crest of the ulna and passing distally to the posterior aspect of the mid-shaft to the ulna, this muscle is involved in supination.
Morphology and skeletal muscle
Francesco E. Marino in Human Fatigue, 2019
However, the BI alone cannot account for the seemingly muscular adaptation of the Neanderthals. In fact, along with a smaller BI, the Neanderthal radius also possessed a significant lateral shaft curvature and a more medially located radial tuberosity (De Groote 2011b). These features suggest a much better mechanical advantage for Neanderthals since the lateral curvature of the radius allows for a larger muscle belly, with the muscle insertion maintained close to the axis of rotation. In addition, the larger and more medially placed radial tuberosity makes the biceps a stronger supinator (De Groote 2011b; Trinkaus & Churchill 1988). Furthermore, Neanderthal ulnae have a more distal brachialis insertion and larger mid-shaft and proximal epiphyses, all indicating that the joint reaction forces were likely much larger compared with modern humans (De Groote 2011b). Figure 5.3 also shows that Neanderthals had broader shoulders coupled with the larger shoulder joint. It has also been shown that the glenoid fossa in Neanderthals is elongated and shallow with less projecting articular rims compared to the deeper and broader glenoid fossa of modern humans (Macias & Churchill 2014). These distinct features necessitated larger muscle attachments and likely larger muscles generally. If this was the case, the one conclusion that can be drawn is that our closest extinct relatives certainly had a stronger, more powerful upper body.
Evaluation of function following rehabilitation after distal biceps tendon repair
Published in European Journal of Physiotherapy, 2020
Maria Liljeros, Monika Fagevik Olsén, Gunilla Kjellby Wendt
Distal biceps tendon rupture is an uncommon injury, which most often affects men aged 40–60 and constitutes 3% of all biceps ruptures. The injury incidence is 1.2/100,000/year and often occurs due to an eccentric force to a supinated and flexed elbow [1–3]. The biceps brachii is the most superficial and prominent muscle in the anterior compartment of the arm. It has two heads and crosses over both the shoulder and elbow joints. The long head originates from the supraglenoid tubercle, and the short head from the coracoid process of the scapula [4]. Together they insert distally to the radial tuberosity and into the deep fascia of the forearm via the bicipital aponeurosis (also called lacertus fibrosus). The biceps brachii is the most powerful supinator and flexor of the elbow, a rupture will therefore affect the elbow with reduced strength in both supination and flexion [1,4,5]. Possible causes of distal biceps tendon rupture are vascular, degenerative and mechanical, or an inflammation in the biceps radial bursa [1,5,6].
Brachial distal biceps injuries
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2019
Drew Krumm, Peter Lasater, Guillaume Dumont, Travis J. Menge
Several options are available for operative repair of distal biceps avulsion injuries. They differ in the amount of incisions made as well as the method of fixation. The anterior single-incision technique uses the interval between the brachioradialis and pronator teres through an incision made in the antecubital fossa. The dual-incision technique uses one small incision in the antecubital fossa and a second incision over the posterolateral elbow. The biceps is identified through the incision in the antecubital fossa and careful dissection is performed to its insertion on the radial tuberosity. A hemostat is inserted medially within the interosseous space, piercing the anconeus and tenting the skin on the dorsal forearm, identifying the location of the second incision over the posterolateral elbow. The interval for this incision is between the extensor carpi ulnaris and extensor digitorum communis.
Management of posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) palsies after distal biceps tendon repair using a single incision technique- a conclusive approach to diagnostics and therapy
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2021
Inga S. Besmens, Marco Guidi, Andreas Schiller, David Jann, Pietro Giovanoli, Maurizio Calcagni
Musculus biceps brachii: The biceps brachii muscle arises with two heads proximally from the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula and the coracoid process of the scapula. Distally the muscle inserts in a tendinous footprint on the radial tuberosity after giving of the lacertus fibrosus or bicipital aponeurosis which fans out in an ulnar direction before merging with the superficial fascia of the ulnar side of the forearm [5]