The Governor Vessel (GV)
Narda G. Robinson in Interactive Medical Acupuncture Anatomy, 2016
Orbicularis oris muscle: Serves as the first in the series of sphincters associated with digestive structures. Orbicularis oris muscle fibers encircle the mouth and reside within the lips. Active contraction causes the lips to pucker, although over time its effects on the skin may show as wrinkles. The orbicularis oris muscle has been regarded as a simple sphincter, or circular muscle, like the orbicularis oculi. Now, some claim that it comprises four independent quadrants of muscles that together encircle the mouth. Orbicularis oris fibers intermix with those of surrounding muscles of facial expression that also insert onto the lips, such as the buccinator muscle. Additional intermingling muscles include the caninus, triangularis, quadratus labii superioris, zygomaticus, and quadratus labii inferioris, along with the nasolabilis, incisivus labii superioris, mentalis, and incisivus labii inferioris muscles.
Anatomy of the head and neck
Helen Whitwell, Christopher Milroy, Daniel du Plessis in Forensic Neuropathology, 2021
The facial expression muscles are supplied by the facial (cranial VII) nerve. Their function is to control and support the structures and openings in the face, such as the eyes and mouth. In humans, their functionality serves an important role in non-verbal communication as well as aiding actions such as screwing up the eyes and chewing. The mouth is surrounded by the sphincteric orbicularis oris muscle into which merge the fibres of the buccinator, the muscle of the cheek. The buccinator contracts during chewing and serves to prevent trapping of food within the space between the gums and teeth; it also acts to raise the pressure of air expelled by musicians playing wind instruments or by whistling. The orbicularis oculi surrounds the eye and serves to function in two ways. First, fibres that surround the eye serve to screw the eye up because they are attached to the bone on the medial aspect of the orbit. Second, the palpebral fibres attach to the lateral palpebral raphe and serve to close the eye when blinking. Additional fibres are attached to the lacrimal sac and serve to dilate the sac and keep the puncta in contact with the eyeball.
Intraoperative Surgical Techniques and Pearls—Special Considerations
Alexander Berlin in Mohs and Cutaneous Surgery, 2014
When evaluating a lip defect, an attempt to re-approximate the wound edges with skin hooks should first be made to assess the degree of tension. Vertical incision lines blend well in the perioral region, even when crossing the vermilion, and primary closure is often an excellent option. In fact, a linear closure is often possible for defects involving nearly 50% of the surface area of the lip and a wedge excision can typically yield excellent aesthetic and functional results in such cases. Undermining just above the orbicularis oris muscle may facilitate a great deal of tissue movement. In addition, in the event a mucosal advancement is needed, one should dissect below the level of the minor salivary glands. Labiomental crease
Evaluating safety in hyaluronic acid lip injections
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2021
Tyler Safran, Arthur Swift, Sebastian Cotofana, Andreas Nikolis
The major support for the lips arises from the orbicularis oris muscle (OOM) which has its only slight bony connection to the maxilla in the midline inferior to the nasal spine. The remainder of the lips are without direct bony support and their position is therefore determined by the balance of a radial organization of mimetic muscles whose function is to elevate, depress, and broaden both the vermilion and ergotrid. The OOM further provides the crucial function of oral competence during eating as well as the pursing action necessary for proper articulation of sound and speech as well as acts of intimacy (kissing). The most influencing point of action is the modiolus located 0.7–1.5 cm lateral to the oral commissure [29] one of whose inserting muscles (Depressor anguli oris) is frequently targeted with neuromodulator to reduce the inferior-traction on the oral commissure and increase the cranial re-positioning of the corner of the mouth.
Oral mucosa grafting in periorbital reconstruction
Published in Orbit, 2018
Sensory innervation is delivered by the mental nerve, a terminal branch of the inferior alveolar nerve arising from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CNV3). The mental nerve leaves the mandible via the mental foramen located between the first and second premolar teeth.74,75 The harvesting surgeon must be aware of the risk of lower lip paraesthesia due to the close proximity of the labial mucosa graft harvest site to the mental foramen. The initial incision should be placed medial to the middle of the canines to avoid mental nerve injury. In addition, the surgeon should keep at least a 1–1.5 cm margin away from the lip vermillion to prevent lip contracture and inversion from post-operative scarring.79 Moreover, injury to the orbicularis oris muscle may limit mobility of the lips and impair smiling. Damage to the masticatory mucosa may predispose to periodontal defects if the labial mucosal graft is harvested outside the vestibule vertically near the teeth.74
Clinical management of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: patients not eligible for free flaps, a systematic review of the literature
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2021
Giuseppe Colella, Raffaele Rauso, Davide De Cicco, Ciro Emiliano Boschetti, Brigida Iorio, Chiara Spuntarelli, Renato Franco, Gianpaolo Tartaro
Reconstruction by BMM flap was investigated by two studies [8,9]. All 38 cases were treated by partial/hemiglossectomy (Figure 2). Twenty-nine cases had T1 SCC (76,3%), 7 were T2 SCC (18.4%), and 2 were T4 SCC (5.2%) (Figure 3). Partial necrosis of the flap occurred in two cases (about 30% of its extension) and was surgically treated by removal of the ischemic portion, leading to complete healing without functional complications [8]. Two cases showed limitation in the mouth opening due to a contracting scar (one of them undergone surgical Z-plasty) [8,9]. Temporary deficit of the Orbicularis oris muscle occurred in four cases, spontaneously solved over two month after resective surgery [8]. Nine cases showed temporary limitation of the tongue mobility, solved after the detachment of the flap pedicle [8].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Buccinator Muscle
- Mouth
- Muscle
- Orbicularis Oculi Muscle
- Sphincter
- Body
- Snout Reflex