The Twentieth Century
Arturo Castiglioni in A History of Medicine, 2019
In all the leading schools preclinical studies are pursued in co-operation with the clinical. Anatomy, histology, physiology, physics, metallurgy, and chemistry, bacteriology, and general pathology receive equal attention with dental hygiene, oral diagnosis and medicine, operative and prosthetic dentistry, orthodontia, maxillo-facial surgery, dental jurisprudence, and the history of dentistry. The microbiological and biochemical studies of general medicine enter the dental field to explain the relations between local and constitutional and systemic disease and lead toward treatment. The bonds between dentistry and medicine are steadily becoming closer and closer. In America and some European countries dentistry is still taught separately from medicine, both because of the extensive special technical and operative knowledge required, and because much of the medical curriculum today would be irrelevant. In Italy and several other countries the degree in medicine and surgery is required. Even in those countries where the subjects are taught separately and different degrees are given, however, it is recognized that the specialty should be joined as closely as possible to the other medico-surgical disciplines.
Radiographic Applications in Forensic Dental Identification
Michael J. Thali M.D., Mark D. Viner, B. G. Brogdon in Brogdon's Forensic Radiology, 2010
Forensic odontologists rely on the principles and science of dentistry and dental radiography in establishing scientific victim identifications. Research continues in many areas, including new radiographic imaging systems and techniques and digital automated x-ray comparison systems, to establish more scientifically the uniqueness of all oral conditions and anomalies. True science in forensic sciences must be a common goal. Those interested in contributing in some way to forensic odontology and advancing the science should join one or all of several current organizations: the American Society of Forensic Odontology; the Odontology Section of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences; and the American Board of Forensic Odontology. All three organi-zations support our standards and also provide grant funding for those wishing to gain financial support for worthy research projects.
The Radiological Autopsy
Julian L Burton, Guy Rutty in The Hospital Autopsy, 2010
Forensic odontology is an established means of identification. The dentition of the deceased may be correlated with prior dental records or photographs of the deceased smiling. This is traditionally achieved by physical examination of the dentition by an odontologist and contemporaneous or subsequent comparison with available dental records. In mass fatality situations, the use of conventional x-rays to record dentition can be particularly timeconsuming, with radiography becoming a rate-limiting factor in body processing. It is important to remember that all modes of dental identification are, of course, fundamentally dependent on the existence of dental records for comparison. The absence of prior dental records caused significant difficulty in the identification of the victims of the Asian tsunami on 26 December 2004 (Petju et al., 2007).
Metagenome sequencing-based strain-level and functional characterization of supragingival microbiome associated with dental caries in children
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2019
Nezar Noor Al-Hebshi, Divyashri Baraniya, Tsute Chen, Jennifer Hill, Sumant Puri, Marisol Tellez, Nur A. Hasan, Rita R. Colwell, Amid Ismail
Study children were recruited from the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic at the Temple University Kornberg School of Dentistry. Each child had to fulfill the following criteria: 6–10 years old with all first permanent molars erupted (mixed dentition); no history of antibiotic, antifungal, or steroid intake or use of mouthwashes in the three months prior to sampling; no evidence of oral abscess or candidiasis; no history of diabetes, immunodeficiency, or dental prophylaxis in the previous 30 days. Supragingival plaque samples were obtained from eligible children, as described below, before full mouth prophylaxis, and clinical examination were performed. Caries status was assessed with clinical visual examination following the International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS) [23] as well as radiographic examination. Eventually, 10 caries-free children (defined as having no carious lesions, including white spots, and no previous fillings), 10 with early caries (defined as having at least one tooth with early, non-cavitated carious lesion), and 10 with advanced caries (defined as having at least one tooth with cavitated carious lesion) were recruited. The characteristics of the study groups are presented in Supplementary Table 1.
Maternal perception about child oral health is associated to child dental caries and to maternal self-report about oral health
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2019
Mariana Gonzalez Cademartori, Natalia Baschirotto Custodio, Aline Lima Harter, Marilia Leão Goettems
At first dental visit, clinical examination was performed by students of final year of dental school. These students have experience in the DMF-T/dmf-t Index, which is routinely used to diagnose and to plan dental treatment of all individuals attended at Dentistry School. In a two-hour theoretical training process, all criteria were discussed. As a standard procedure, the professor responsible – PhD in Pediatric Dentistry and with experience in epidemiological studies - for the Child Clinic checked all clinical examination. Biosecurity precepts recommended by the World Health Organization were adopted for clinical evaluations [16]. Examiners used personal protective equipment (gloves, mask, cap and white coat), triple syringe and artificial light of dental equipment, mouth mirror, and a NIDR standard periodontal probe (developed by the National Institute of Dental Research).
Analysis of stress in periodontium associated with orthodontic tooth movement: a three dimensional finite element analysis
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Ankita Jain, G. S. Prasantha, Silju Mathew, Sharanya Sabrish
Orthodontics is amongst the oldest specialities to branch out in dentistry, with evidences dating back to as early as 1000BC (Corruccini and Pacciani 1989). Orthodontics is also one of the fastest evolving branches of dentistry. The field of orthodontics has seen tremendous development in the last decade (Will 2015). From the use of crude metal bandelette to clear aligners, from opinion based to evidence based treatment design, from hand drawn appliances to rapid prototyping, we have progressed a great deal. With the introduction of ‘Clear aligner technology, TAD’s, Acceleratory orthodontics, 3-D diagnosis, Pre-programmed appliances’, the field of orthodontics is ever advancing towards its goal of an inclusive, wholesome approach towards achieving its objectives of Jackson’s triad– Function efficiency, Structural balance and Aesthetic harmony (Ghafari 2015).
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