Comparative Aspects of Nasal Passage Carcinoma in Dogs with Man
Gerd Reznik, Sherman F. Stinson in Nasal Tumors in Animals and Man, 2017
The nasal cavity is composed of two roughly pyramidal spaces (fossa) separated from each other by the nasal septum. These fossae communicate anteriorly with the nares, posteriorly with the nasopharynx, laterally with the maxillary sinus in man and maxillary recess in dog, and superiorly with the sphenoid, ethmoid, and frontal sinuses.16,17 Each nasal fossa is divided into four main air channels by turbinates that develop into a very intricate scroll pattern in the dog;16 generally, the fossa is occupied by three turbinates in man.17 The canine nasal passage is anatomically much more complex than that in man, presumably due to the species-specific olfactory and dietary characteristics. This efficient filtering capability probably explains why the dog has considerably more sinonasal cancer than lung cancer.15
Staging of Head and Neck Cancer
R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne in Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
The anatomical sites and subsites are: Nasal cavity: SeptumFloorLateral wallVestibuleMaxillary sinusEthmoid sinus
Staging of Head and Neck Cancer
John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford in Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
The anatomical sites and subsites are: nasal cavity: septumfloorlateral wallvestibulemaxillary sinusethmoid sinus. Other than the changes to the N stage (consistant with with oral caity, p16-negative oropharynx and larynx) there are no other alterations to sinus tumour stages (Tables 4.18 and 4.19).
Perineural spread of basosquamous carcinoma to the orbit, cavernous sinus, and infratemporal fossa
Published in Orbit, 2018
Alec L. Amram, William J. Hertzing, Stacy V. Smith, Patricia Chévez-Barrios, Andrew G. Lee
The pterygopalatine or sphenopalatine fossa is a passageway between many major compartments of the skull and is thus a critical location for tumor spread. This fossa is a located in the basilar region of the skull and is bounded medially by the palatine bone, posteriorly by the pterygoid process of the sphenoidal bone, and anteriorly by the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus. It has six communications to major compartments of the skull, communicating medially to the nasal cavity via the sphenopalatine foramen, laterally to the infratemporal fossa via the pterygomaxillary fissure, anteriorly to the orbit through the inferior orbital fissure, posteriorly and superiorly to Meckel’s cave and the cavernous sinus via the foramen rotundum, posteriorly and inferiorly to the middle cranial fossa via the vidian canal, and inferiorly to the palate through the greater and lesser palatine canals. As this fossa has direct access to the nasal cavity, intracranial space, orbit, and cavernous sinus, it is a common site for direct invasion and perineural spread of disease and can present with involvement of any combination of the aforementioned compartments.15 In our patient, the carcinoma most likely spread from the nasal cavity to the sphenopalatine fossa, and then extended to the infratemporal fossa, cavernous sinus, and orbit.
Intranasal drug delivery devices and interventions associated with post-operative endoscopic sinus surgery
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2018
Lari K. Dkhar, Jim Bartley, David White, Ali Seyfoddin
The nose is a complex multifunctional organ that plays a critical role in airway homeostasis and olfaction. The nose transports warm and humidifies air traveling into the lungs, filtering out incoming particles from the air providing a first-line defense (Gufford et al. 2017). In the nose, the mucosa helps to avert allergens, pathogens, or foreign particles from reaching the lungs. Other significant functions of the nose include, mucociliary activity which removes mucus to the nasopharynx, immunological activities comprising of numerous immunocompetent cells and absorption of endogenous substances (Rubin 2014). The nasal cavity is also connected to other cavities such as the frontal and maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid sinuses. The nasal route has three diverse functional zones, the vestibular, respiratory, and olfactory areas (Fortuna et al. 2014) which are differentiated according to their anatomic and histologic characteristics (Figure 1).
Immunomodulation via FGFR inhibition augments FGFR1 targeting T-cell based antitumor immunotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Published in OncoImmunology, 2022
Michihisa Kono, Hiroki Komatsuda, Hidekiyo Yamaki, Takumi Kumai, Ryusuke Hayashi, Risa Wakisaka, Toshihiro Nagato, Takayuki Ohkuri, Akemi Kosaka, Kenzo Ohara, Kan Kishibe, Miki Takahara, Akihiro Katada, Tatsuya Hayashi, Hiroya Kobayashi, Yasuaki Harabuchi
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which affects the 1) oral cavity, 2) nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, 3) nasopharynx, 4) oropharynx, 5) hypopharynx, and 6) larynx, annually causes an estimated 300,000 deaths worldwide.1 Despite advances in surgery and chemoradiotherapy, many patients with HNSCC (especially human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative HNSCC) experience recurrence and metastases. The survival rate of HNSCC patients is less than 50%, which has not changed for decades.2 Although cetuximab – a drug that targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) – is clinically approved, its clinical efficacy is limited in advanced HNSCC patients.3 Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of cancer and demonstrated that cancer immunotherapy to be effective in clinical practice. However, only a small number of patients (about 20%) benefit from ICIs in various cancers, including HNSCC.4 Therefore, the development of novel cancer immunotherapy for HNSCC patients is warranted.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Maxilla
- Palatine Bone
- Paranasal Sinuses
- Pharynx
- Respiratory Tract
- Respiratory System
- Nose
- Nasal Septum
- Nostril
- Pterygoid Processes of The Sphenoid