Methods in Experimental Pathology of Pulmonary Vasculature
Joan Gil in Models of Lung Disease, 2020
A morphometric study has several requirements: An index of level within the branching system.Characterization of vessel structure.A measure of vessel size, usually external diameter, but luminal diameter may also be important when estimating the amount of vascular restriction produced by a given change.A measure of the thickness of the vessel wall, and of its three constituent layers: intima, media, and adventitia. Since the media is the contractile layer, it is the most frequently selected for measurement, but in pathological conditions change in the adventitia or intima also occur.
Morphometries of Craniofacial Form
D. Dixon Andrew, A.N. Hoyte David, Ronning Olli in Fundamentals of Craniofacial Growth, 2017
The presence of considerable size differences between forms can also act to confuse the analysis of shape and shape changes, suggesting that ways are needed to minimize or remove the potentially confounding effect of size. Moreover, it can be argued that in many cases it is the biologically-based shape information, in contrast to size, which may be of more interest from a morphometric perspective. This leads to the question of how these notions of “size and shape” have been addressed with CMA.
Human Skeletal Remains
Cristoforo Pomara, Vittorio Fineschi in Forensic and Clinical Forensic Autopsy, 2020
Morphometric methods have also been developed. Of these, discriminant function analysis is the best-established method for the estimation of sex. This approach involves recording measurements in supposedly sexually dimorphic samples and using these to develop discriminant functions that permit the sex of the person in question to be estimated (Cabo et al., 2012).
Exploring the effect of chronotype on hippocampal volume and shape: A combined approach
Published in Chronobiology International, 2018
Charlotte Mary Horne, Ray Norbury
All image pre-processing and analyses were performed using FSL version 5.0.10 (FMRIB Software Library, http://fsl.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl/fslwiki/). Non-brain removal was performed on each individual’s T1-weighted image using a deformable model that evolves to fit the brain’s surface by the application of a set of locally adaptive model forces. Subcortical brain measures (bilateral hippocampus) were delineated using FMRIB’s Integration Registration and Segmentation Tool (FIRST). FIRST is a model-based segmentation tool that utilises shape and appearance models taken from an atlas of manually segmented images from the Centre for Morphometric Analysis. These manual segmentations are parameterised as surface meshes from which a point distribution is modelled. Using the observed intensities from each individual’s T1-weighted image FIRST finds the most probable shape by searching through linear combinations of shape variation modes resulting in a hippocampus segmentation for each individual in native space. At each step, processed images were carefully inspected by one of the authors (CH) to ensure accuracy of results. Intracranial volume (ICV) was estimated as the inverse of the determinant of the rotation–translation matrix obtained after affine registration to a standard template multiplied by the template volume and used to correct for differences in head size.
Rat hippocampal CA3 neuronal injury induced by limb ischemia/reperfusion: A possible restorative effect of alpha lipoic acid
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2018
Ola A. Hussein, Amel M. M. Abdel-Hafez, Ayat Abd el Kareim
As OS was suggested to play a crucial role in I/R injury, suppressing ROS production could be a novel strategy for neurorestorative effect against limb I/R injury. In the present work, ALA noticeably ameliorated the hippocampal neuronal damage following remote limb I/R injury. LM revealed that most of the pyramidal neurons in the CA3 fields of group IV hippocampus had normal appearance. A few dark cells were observed. Electron microscopy of pyramidal neurons, blood capillaries, and their surrounding neuropil revealed great preservation of their normal fine structure. Morphometric analysis supported these morphological findings. A significant increase in the thickness of the stratum pyramidal layer in CA3 field, in the surface area of pyramidal neurons and in the number of light neurons, in addition to a significant reduction in the number of dark cells was observed in the ALA-treated group compared with the I/R nontreated group.
Test-retest validation of a cranial deformity index in unilateral coronal craniosynostosis
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
Emilie Robertson, Peter Kwan, Gorman Louie, Pierre Boulanger, Daniel Aalto
The use of age and sex-matched CT scans as the control group also adheres to the user-friendliness and accessibility criteria outlined for the proposed workflow. More surgeons are likely to have access to a database containing normative skull as opposed to more sophisticated tools like statistical shape models, for example. The reliance on specific multi-atlas’ is a recognized limitation of highly sophisticated quantification methods (Mendoza et al. 2014). Processes that can be carried out without the need for outsourcing or consultation are advantageous from a time and cost perspective. In addition, a user-friendly and inexpensive method to assess reconstruction outcomes may increase clinician productivity in this field. Methods of morphometric quantification that require expert consultation or proprietary software may be a barrier to their regular use. In addition, the cost of using advanced technology is a recognized deterrent (Seruya et al. 2013; Fisher et al. 2016; Martelli et al. 2016; Barbero-García et al. 2017). As methods like statistical shape modelling become more commonplace in the clinical environment, this could replace the use of age and sex-matched CT scans for a more precise workflow.
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