Orthotics
Manoj Ramachandran, Tom Nunn in Basic Orthopaedic Sciences, 2018
For internal shoe modifications, the soles can have the following: Metatarsal pads: domed pads designed to reduce stress from metatarsal heads by transferring load to metatarsal shafts in metatarsalgia.Inner sole excavations: soft pad filled with compressible material placed under metatarsal heads.Arch supports: e.g. medial arch support extending from half inch posterior to first metatarsal head to anterior tubercle of the os calcis.
Foot and ankle radiology
Maneesh Bhatia in Essentials of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 2021
The foot is imaged in an oblique axial plane through the long axis of the metatarsal bone. The coronal plane is imaged perpendicular to the oblique axial images and the sagittal plane is obtained to cover the medial and the lateral malleoli (Figure 22.1). Obtaining a mixture of T1- and T2-weighted images in at least two orthogonal planes are useful to evaluate the anatomy of the foot and ankle. Proton Density (PD) fat saturated sequences are useful for the assessment of the articular cartilage. The Short Tau Inversion Recovery (STIR) and T2-weighted fat saturated sequences accentuate fluid, which is seen in most pathologies such as oedema, tenosynovitis and joint effusion (Figure 22.1).
Foot fractures
Charles M Court-Brown, Margaret M McQueen, Marc F Swiontkowski, David Ring, Susan M Friedman, Andrew D Duckworth in Musculoskeletal Trauma in the Elderly, 2016
Biomechanically, the first three metatarsals contribute to the medial column of the foot, the fourth and fifth to the lateral column. About one-third of the body weight is transmitted through the first metatarsal. The second and third TMT joints bear forces that are two to three times the force across the first or fourth/fifth TMT joints, while the third bears the most force at all loads and foot positions. However, the first, fourth and fifth TMT joints have a more active role in foot position than at a neutral position.32 Significant displacement affects gait by producing mechanical impingement, transfer lesions, bony prominences and difficulties with shoewear.
Conservative treatment of Achilles tendon partial tear in a futsal player: A case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2021
Ankle dorsiflexion range of motion was first measured at week 3 and was measured twice a week until its normalization (eighth week). We used the contralateral ankle as a reference, which presented 38 degrees of dorsiflexion range of motion. For the ROM evaluation, the patient was instructed to stand upright with his feet parallel. He was instructed to step back with the non-tested foot and to bring the tested ankle into maximum dorsiflexion, keeping the knee straight and the heel on the ground. The patient was aware that the front leg must be flexed, and the back leg must be kept straight, and the feet must be facing forward. The patient was asked to stop at the first sign of pain. The bony landmarks used for these measurements were defined using the method of Elveru, Rothstein, and Lamb (1988). The proximal arm of the universal goniometer was aligned with the head of the fibula. The axis of the goniometer was positioned 0.5 cm below the lateral malleolus. The distal arm was aligned parallel to an imaginary line joining the projected point of the heel and the base of the fifth metatarsal.
Factors affecting bone union after distal shortening oblique osteotomy of the lesser metatarsals
Published in Modern Rheumatology, 2020
Taro Kasai, Takeomi Nakamura, Mitsuyasu Iwasawa, Yuichi Nagase, Takuo Juji, Sakae Tanaka, Takumi Matsumoto
Metatarsal osteotomy of the lesser toes is a useful surgical procedure for deformities of the lesser toes, and many methods have been developed with variations in the osteotomy location (proximal, middle, or distal), osteotomy direction (transverse, oblique, or step-cut), shortening method (sliding or resection of segmental bone), and fixation method (non-fixation, screw, K-wire, or plate) [8–14]. Although previous studies have reported mostly good clinical outcomes with a patient satisfaction rate of ≥80% [11,15], delayed union or non-union at the osteotomy site was reported to result in lower patient satisfaction. In a study about the clinical outcomes of midshaft segmental shortening osteotomy of the lesser metatarsals, six of 91 toes had non-union and required revision procedures or bone stimulation [16]. As the nutrient arteries enter at the metatarsal shaft of the proximal third or the middle third, proximal or middle shaft osteotomies have a risk of disrupting the nutrient arteries, leading to delayed union and non-union [19]. Moreover, distal shaft osteotomies also have a risk of resulting in delayed union and non-union because the blood flow of the distal shaft is poor compared with that of the metatarsal head [20]. Therefore, understanding the factors affecting bone union is important in order to increase the success rate [5,16].
Dimensional reduction of balance parameters in risk of falling evaluation using a minimal number of force-sensitive resistors
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Johannes C. Ayena, Martin J.-D. Otis
The data were acquired during a TUG test using an instrumented insole containing four FSRs and a 3D accelerometer. The FSRs (Interlink Electronics, USA) were used for assessing the force distribution under the foot. Two FSRs (FSR402, diameter 13 mm) were placed underneath the heel pad, one medially and the other laterally. The two others were placed under the first and fifth metatarsals, approximately. The three-axis accelerometer (ADXL345; SparkFun Electronics, USA) is located on the electronic board and attached to the foot. The ADXL345 is a complete three-axis acceleration measurement system requiring ultralow power and is well suited to measure the static and dynamic acceleration of gravity in order to detect human falls. It measures acceleration with a high resolution (13-bit) up to ±16 g. In this study, the accelerometer is used only in walking activity since there is no foot motion in S2ST and ST2S activities.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Ankle
- First Metatarsal Bone
- Long Bone
- Foot
- Tarsus
- Heel
- Phalanx Bone
- Toe
- Second Metatarsal Bone
- Third Metatarsal Bone