Venous Anatomy
James Michael Forsyth, Ahmed Shalan, Andrew Thompson in Venous Access Made Easy, 2019
The dorsal venous arch lies on the central aspect of the dorsum of the hand. It receives tributaries from the dorsal metacarpal veins. The brachial vein is a deep vein in the arm; this vessel is paired closely with the brachial artery and median nerve. The basilic and brachial veins join to form the axillary vein. The axillary vein continues behind the clavicle as the subclavian vein. The great saphenous vein begins on the medial aspect of the dorsum of the foot. It runs in front of the medial malleolus, then along the medial aspect of the leg a hand's-breadth behind the medial aspect of the patella. It ends by joining the femoral vein at the sapheno-femoral junction 4 cm below and lateral to the pubic tubercle. The short saphenous vein begins on the lateral aspect of the dorsum of the foot, courses around and behind the lateral malleolus, and runs upwards along the middle aspect of the posterior leg.
Dermatology
Shibley Rahman, Avinash Sharma in A Complete MRCP(UK) Parts 1 and 2 Written Examination Revision Guide, 2018
This chapter details what is required in terms of competencies, skills and knowledge from junior physicians in core medical training in dermatology. Alopecia areata is a presumed autoimmune condition causing localised, well-demarcated patches of hair loss. At the edge of the hair loss, there may be small, broken 'exclamation mark' hairs. Onycholysis describes the separation of the nail plate from the nail bed. Purpura fall largely into two groups: vessel disorders and platelet disorders. Henoch-Schonlein purpura classically appears over lower limbs and buttocks. There are two strains of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) in humans: HSV-1 and HSV-2. Venous ulceration is typically seen above the medial malleolus. Dermatophytosis infections are fungal infections caused by dermatophytes – a group of fungi that invade and grow in dead keratin. Tinea capitis is a dermatophyte infection of the scalp most often caused by Trichophyton tonsurans , and occasionally by Microsporum canis . It is commonest in areas of socio-economic deprivation.
Saphenous Nerve Blocks
Robert L. Lennon, Terese T. Horlocker in Mayo Clinic Analgesic Pathway, 2006
Clinical Applications The saphenous nerve is a cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve, arising in the femoral triangle. It descends laterally to the femoral artery and enters the adductor canal. The nerve exits from the lower part of the canal, emerging between the sartorius and gracilis muscles. The nerve becomes subcutaneous below the sartorius at the medial side of the knee. It descends down the medial border of the tibia immediately behind the long saphenous vein. The nerve crosses with the vein in front of the medial malleolus and extends as far as the base of the great toe. The saphenous nerve supplies an extensive cutaneous area over the medial side of the knee, leg, ankle, and foot.
Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation: the Urgent PC
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2007
Lower urinary tract disorders, with its main representative the overactive bladder, are an increasing problem that impact patients’ quality of life tremendously. Neuromodulative treatment may fill the gap between conservative measures and invasive surgery. Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (Urgent PC®) is a neuromodulation technique that is minimally invasive and easy to perform. Stimulation is carried out in 12 weekly sessions of 30 min each, through a percutaneously placed needle cephalad to the medial malleolus. Success can be obtained in approximately two-thirds of patients, but the therapy has the disadvantage of the necessity of maintenance therapy. The development of a small implantable device may be the future next step in the evolution of the technique.
Anatomical and magnetic resonance imaging study of the medial collateral ligament of the ankle joint
Published in Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 2016
Sally Mahmood Mohamed Hussin Omar, Fardos Ahmed El-Kalaa, El Sebai Farag Ali, Ali Ali Abd El-Karim, Nancy Mohamed El Sekily
IntroductionThe medial collateral ligament of the ankle joint also known as the deltoid ligament, is a multifascicular group of ligaments. It can be divided into a superficial and deep group of fibers originating from the medial malleolus to insert in the talus, calcaneus, and navicular bones. Wide variations have been noted in the anatomical description of the medial ligamentous complex of the ankle. The various components of the deltoid ligament are well visualized on both axial and coronal images on routine ankle MR imaging sequences including T1 weighted image and T2 weighted image. AimThis study was done to study the anatomy of the normal and variated attachment of the medial collateral ligament of the ankle joint, and also to study the MR imaging of the normal, variated and disrupted attachment of the medial collateral ligament. Materials and methodsTwenty preserved cadaveric adult ankle specimens were collected from the dissecting room, Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University. MR imaging of ten ankles was performed before and after disruption of every band of the ligament of medial side of the ankle. ResultsThe medial collateral ligament of the ankle was found to consist of six bands or components, three of them are always present whereas the presence of the other three may vary. The exact attachments and measurements of these bands were described.Axial imaging provided optimum views of the deep layers of the medial collateral ligament and the tibionavicular ligament. Coronal imaging allowed complete visualization of the tibiocalcaneal, and deep posterior tibiotalar ligaments. High resolution MR imaging allows excellent visualization of the collateral ligaments of the ankle. ConclusionThe study of the anatomy of the ankle joint, its collateral ligaments and their functions aid for the proper diagnosis and treatment of the conditions affecting the ankle.
Repair of rabbit cartilage defect based on the fusion of rabbit bone marrow stromal cells and Nano-HA/PLLA composite material
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2017
Weimin Zhu, Daiqi Guo, Liangquan Peng, Yun Fang Chen, Jiaming Cui, Jianyi Xiong, Wei Lu, Li Duan, Kang Chen, Yanjun Zeng, Daping Wang
Objective To assess the effect of the fusion of rabbit bone marrow stromal cells (rBMSCs) and Nano-hydroxyapatite/poly (l-lactic acid) (Nano-HA/PLLA) in repairing the rabbit knee joint with full-thickness cartilage defect. Method The rBMSCs were isolated and cultured in vitro, and the third generation of rBMSCs was co-cultured with the Nano-HA/PLLA to construct the tissue-engineered cartilage (TEC). Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were selected and randomly divided into three groups, namely, TEC group, Nano-HA/PLLA group, and control group. A cartilage defect model with the diameter of 4.5 mm and depth of 5 mm was constructed on the articular surface of medial malleolus of rabbit femur. General observation, histological observation, and Wakitani’s histological scoring were conducted in the 12th and 24th week postoperatively. Results The results of TEC group indicated that new cartilage tissue was formed on the defect site and subchondral bone achieved physiological integration basically. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses indicated the generation of massive extracellular matrix. In contrast, limited regeneration and reconstruction of cartilage was achieved in the Nano-HA/PLLA group and control group, with a significant difference from the TEC group (p
Related Knowledge Centers
- Ankle
- Distal Tibia
- Fibula
- Tibia
- Astragalus
- Process
- Malleolar Sulcus