Anatomy and Embryology of the Mouth and Dentition
John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford in Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
Behind the canines are two premolars, each with a buccal and lingual cusp (hence the term bicuspid). The occlusal surfaces of the maxillary premolars are oval (the long axis is buccopalatal) with a mesiodistal fissure separating the two cusps. The maxillary first premolar usually has two roots (one buccal, one palatal). The maxillary second premolar usually has one root. The occlusal surfaces of the mandibular premolars are more circular or squarer than those of the uppers. The buccal cusp of the mandibular first premolar towers above the very much reduced lingual cusp. In the mandibular second premolar, the lingual cusp is more substantial compared with the first, and frequently presents as two cusps. Each lower premolar tooth generally has one root.
Catalogue of Etruscan and Roman-era dental appliances
Marshall Joseph Becker, Jean MacIntosh Turfa in The Etruscans and the History of Dentistry, 2017
The left maxillary first premolar is so worn that both cusps are flattened almost to the level of the dividing groove, but not quite to a single flat surface. This premolar, which appears to be within the socket designed for a canine, appears to have had a great deal of tartar on it, but most of it has become detached, as indicated by the clean enamel showing through patches among the remaining tartar. The root has grooves on both surfaces but is not actually bifurcate, and also has some bumps at about one-third of its length up from its apical end. The articular surface of the tooth is worn down towards the lingual margins, again suggesting an overbite such as is indicated by the canine, and suggesting that both derive from the same individual.
Maxillary mucormycosis and concurrent osteomyelitis in a post-COVID-19 patient with new onset diabetes mellitus
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2023
Pallak Arora, Geetpriya Kaur, Nutan Tyagi, Madhu K. Nair
A cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan revealed a large area of sequestration with associated osteolysis and rarefaction of the alveolar bone from the region of the right maxillary first premolar across the midline and extending to the region of the left maxillary first molar, with involvement of the anterior hard palate (Figure 1a). Associated areas of erosion and corticomedullary detachment as well as sinus tracts were seen in the bilateral maxillary alveolus (Figure 1b and 1c). Osteolysis was also noted at the junction of the anterior middle third of the palate with erosion involving the floor of the bilateral nasal fossa and base of the bony nasal septum. Discontinuity along the floor of the right maxillary sinus and the medial wall of the left maxillary sinus was noted. Polypoidal mucosal thickening was seen in the left maxillary sinus with sclerosis and thickening of the walls of the sinus (Figure 1d), as well as within the anteroinferior third of the right maxillary sinus. The imaging findings were consistent with extensive antral and maxillary subacute to chronic osteomyelitis.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Maxillary Canine
- Maxillary Second Premolar
- Mouth
- Premolar
- Tooth
- Face
- Chewing
- Cusp
- Prehensility
- Palmer Notation