The Changes in Hepatic Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism In Sepsis *
Timothy R. Billiar, Ronald D. Curran in Hepatocyte and Kupffer Cell Interactions, 2017
The clinical picture of the late phase of organ failure is one that includes liver failure. This process seems to begin some time before clinical recognition and may be the result of a common pathway for the onset of different organ failure syndromes.3 Due to the pivotal role of liver cells in the maintenance of glucose and fatty acid metabolism, information on how hepatocytes and Kupffer cells communicate with one another to modulate these functions may help in understanding some of the metabolic events that precede organ failure and death. The use of coculture techniques has already been applied to examine the changes that occur in liver protein synthesis.4-6 However, few studies have examined the effect of sepsis on fatty acid metabolism in these two different cell populations.
A Potential Role for Immunological Mechanisms in Halothane Hepatotoxicity
Robert G. Meeks, Steadman D. Harrison, Richard J. Bull in Hepatotoxicology, 2020
Using trifluoroacetylated rabbit serum albumin (TFA-RSA) as the detecting antigen, the TFA moiety was found to be part of the immunogen responsible for generating a halothane-induced antibody response in rabbits (Callis et al., 1987) (Figure 2) or guinea pigs (Siadat-Pajouh et al., 1987) receiving multiple halothane exposures. Indirect evidence then suggests that a reactive metabolic intermediate of halothane could alter a hepatocyte protein to produce an immunogen composed in part of the intermediate. The subsequent anti-TFA antibody could potentially damage hepatocytes incorporating this TFA-altered liver protein. Although proof for this theory is still under investigation, it is somewhat contradicted by the fact that the presence of high levels of specific anti-TFA antibody in animals prior to halothane exposure did not exacerbate or alter the transient liver damage induced by administration of this anesthetic (Mathieu et al., 1975b; Callis et al., 1987).
Biochemical Effects in Animals
Stephen P. Coburn in The Chemistry and Metabolism of 4′-Deoxypyridoxine, 2018
Rosen et al.424 reported that deoxypyridoxine (100 mg/kg) injected into B6-deficient rats 4 hr prior to sacrifice almost doubled the liver uptake of an unspecified mixture of 20 labeled amino acids injected 2 hr prior to sacrifice compared with B6-deficient animals not receiving deoxypyridoxine. B6 deficiency alone produced about 50% increase in the radioactivity of liver protein compared with normal animals. Deoxypyridoxine caused no further change. B6 deficiency caused a slight increase in the radioactivity of thymus protein. Injection of deoxypyridoxine had no further effect on the radioactivity of amino acids on proteins in the thymus.
Pre-Operative vs. Peri-Operative Nutrition Supplementation in Hepatic Resection for Cancer: A Systematic Review
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2019
Bartholomew P. McKay, Annabel L. Larder, Vincent Lam
In addition to BCAA, supplementation with L-arginine, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and nucleotides may enhance the immune response and improve resistance toward infection (9,12). This form of nutrition has become to be known as immunonutrition and it has been most widely studied in patients undergoing colorectal, pancreatic and gastric surgery (9,15). The semi-essential amino acid, L-arginine, improves the healing process, preserves immune function and increases liver protein synthesis (12,15). In addition, the synthesis of prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and anti-inflammatory mediators have all been linked to ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and nucleotides. These are required during inflammation and trauma to enable rapid cell proliferation (12,15). Meta-analyses performed using studies where immunonutrition was administered to patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery have shown a significant reduction in overall complications irrespective of the timing of nutritional supplementation (16,17). Pre-operative administration of immunomodulating agents is thought to be able to control inflammation and immunosuppression in the post-operative period (15). In liver transplantation peri-operative supplementation with immunonutrition decreased infectious complications and hospital length of stay while improving liver function through a reduction of serum liver enzymes (18).
ARRDC3 inhibits liver fibrosis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via the ITGB4/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2023
Bingling Zhang, Feng Wu, Pingping Li, Haiding Li
For liver protein extraction, the rat liver tissues were pre-milled using RIPA buffer (Beyotime, Shanghai, China). For cellular protein extraction, 2 × 106 cells/ml from different treatment groups at a logarithmic growth stage were collected and lysed by RIPA buffer. The extracted protein concentration was estimated using the BCA method (Beyotime, Shanghai, China). The quantified proteins were mixed thoroughly with 5 × SDS-PAGE protein loading buffer at a ratio of 4:1 and heated at 100 °C for 8 min for protein denaturation. The proteins were separated by 10% SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis (100 V, 90 min), followed by protein transfer (300 mA, 100 min) onto PVDF membranes. After 2 h of blocking, the corresponding primary antibodies were added and incubated overnight at 4 °C. Similarly, the secondary antibodies were incubated with the membranes. The target protein bands were analyzed by Image J software (NIH, Bethesda, MD) after washing three times. The grayscale ratio between the target protein bands and the GAPDH bands was calculated using GAPDH as the internal reference control.
Open hepatic artery flow with portal vein clamping protects against bile duct injury compared to pringles maneuver
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2023
Siliang Zhang, Pingli Cao, Pinduan Bi, Fu Yang, Ming Wu, Ding Luo, Bin Yang
Total liver protein from 100 mg of liver tissue was extracted and the protein concentration was determined by the BCA method. Proteins were separated in 10% SDS-PAGE and then transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. The membranes were blocked in Blocking Buffer (Beyotime, Shanghai, China) for 1 h at room temperature and then incubated with primary antibodies including rabbit monoclonal anti-ZO-1 (1:1000, ab221547, Abcam), rabbit polyclonal anti-claudin-1 (1:1000, 13050, Proteintech, China), and anti-claudin-3 (1:1000, 16456, Proteintech, China). Internal control used the β-actin (1:2000, Beyotime, Shanghai, China). All experiments were performed in triplicate.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Fibrinolysis
- Gamma Globulin
- Hemostasis
- Osmolyte
- Secretion
- Liver
- Serum Albumin
- Blood Protein
- Membrane Transport Protein
- Alpha-Fetoprotein