Lower Extremity Surgical Anatomy
Armstrong Milton B. in Lower extremity Trauma, 2006
The posterior medial proximal shaft has a rough spiral line, and posteriolaterally has the rough gluteal tuberosity. The shaft is a cylinder of compact bone with a large medullary center. The wall is thickest in the center where the bone is the narrowest. The anterior surface is largely smooth here. The posterior surface carries the rough vertical linea aspera. The distal third of the shaft of the femur has a flat, rough posterior surface where the linea aspera widens and splays to become a rough, raised, flat projection bounded by the medial and lateral supracondylar ridges. This then becomes the triangular popliteal surface. The distal femur is widely expanded for weight bearing. The large condyles are separated by an intercondylar notch and form an articular surface with the tibia and patella, in the shape of an inverted U. The superior part of the medial condyle has a small bony prominence called the adductor tubercle. The proximal and distal femur has thinner bone and is filled with more trabecular bone with the trabeculae being disposed along the lines of stress. The femur is the first long bone to ossify after the clavicle, and it does so along five centers: shaft, head, distal, and greater and lesser trochanters. The distal femur is the only ossification center that constantly begins before birth.
Lower limb
Aida Lai in Essential Concepts in Anatomy and Pathology for Undergraduate Revision, 2018
Attachments of adductor brevis– origin: inf. pubic ramus– insertion: post. femur, linea aspera– nerve SS: obturator n. (L2 and 3)– function: adduct thigh
The Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh
Gene L. Colborn, David B. Lause in Musculoskeletal Anatomy, 2009
By blunt dissection, separate the muscles of the posterior chamber, Identify the long head of the biceps femoris, the semitendinosus and the semimembranosus muscles. Clearly expose the origins of these, the “hamstrings”, from the ischial tuberosity. Also identify the short head of the biceps femoris which originates from the linea aspera.
A Large Segmental Mid-Diaphyseal Femoral Defect Sheep Model: Surgical Technique
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
David S. Margolis, Gerardo Figueroa, Efren Barron Villalobos, Jordan L. Smith, Cynthia J. Doane, David A. Gonzales, John A. Szivek
The limb is palpated and the patella, patellar tendon, lateral femoral condyle and femoral shaft are identified and marked (Figure 3b). An 8 cm lateral incision is placed over the posterior (rostral) border of the thigh, with the center of the incision located 9 cm proximal to the lateral condyle, and between the anterior and posterior compartments. After incising through the skin with a scalpel, the space between the anterior and posterior compartments is palpated and the fascia is incised through this space using a Bovie (Figure 3c). Dissection to the femur is carried out along the facial plane of the extensor compartment. Great care should be taken to identify the lateral intermuscular septum and proceed with dissection posterior to this septum. If excessive bleeding is encountered, or there is difficulty in dissecting through an areolar plane to expose the femur then the location of the approach should be reassessed. Upon entering the correct plane, the femur will be visible and blunt dissection can be used to expose the lateral and anterior portions of the shaft (Figure 3d). The muscle attachments along the linea aspera (posterior) are removed using a Bovie to minimize bleeding. Weitlaner retractors can be used between the muscle compartments to facilitate exposure, and Hohmann retractors can be placed around the femoral shaft. Once a sufficient length of femoral diaphysis is exposed the retractors are removed and the lateral thigh incision is packed with saline soaked gauze.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Femur
- Muscle
- Greater Trochanter
- Body of Femur
- Septum
- Lateral Intermuscular Septum of Thigh
- Medial Intermuscular Septum of Thigh
- Fascial Compartments of Thigh
- Gluteal Tuberosity
- Gluteus Maximus