Hepatic Ligaments and Blood Vessels
Murray Brookes, Anthony Zietman in Clinical Embryology, 1998
Cavai Fold This peritoneal reflection from the coronary ligament to the renal anastomosis (Figure 1) forms the upper boundary of the epiploic foramen (of Winslow). It is present at 4 weeks, when the primordium of the lesser sac has just appeared in the dorsal mesogastrium. In the fetus, the cavai fold bridges the gap between the bare area of the liver and the IVC (Figure 4). By expanding into the cavai fold, liver substance reaches the hepatic part of the IVC, and may in exceptional cases engulf it. It is emphasized that the liver and its ligaments develop wholly in the ventral mesogastrium.
Iliacus Muscle Syndrome
Marko M. Pecina, Andrew D. Markiewitz, Jelena Krmpotic-Nemanic in Tunnel Syndromes, 2001
The femoral neurovascular bundle and the iliopsoas muscle pass under the inguinal ligament to supply the leg. The iliac fascia forms an iliopectineal arch that connects the inguinal ligament to the iliopubic or iliopectineal eminence and divides the space beneath the inguinal ligament (Figure 39.1). The lacuna vasorum or vascular tunnel lies medial to the arch. Through the lateral space of the lacuna muscularis runs the femoral nerve and the iliopsoas muscles. Relatively rigid, the lacuna muscularis represents a tunnel, the walls of which are the iliac bone, iliopsoas muscle, iliopectineal arch, and inguinal ligament. Described by Aichroth and Rowe-Jones in 1971, the syndrome of the iliacus muscle, or the iliacus tunnel syndrome, occurs with femoral nerve compression.
Spinal Injuries in the Setting of Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis
Alexander R. Vaccaro in Fractures of the Cervical, Thoracic, and Lumbar Spine, 2002
I INTRODUCTION Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), as its name implies, is a condition characterized by a generalized (diffuse) abundant ossification of ligaments (skeletal hyperostosis) of unknown etiology (idiopathic). The spine is the most commonly affected area of the body. The longitudinal ligaments of the spine, in particular the anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL), are most often affected. Exuberant ossification and bony spurring is also seen at ligament and tendon insertions throughout the body. In particular, DISH patients demonstrate calcifications at ligamentous insertions involving the iliac crests in 66% of patients, and the ischial tuberosities, lesser trochanters, and greater trochanters in 53%, 42%, and 36%, respectively.
Distal Tibiofibular Ligaments:
Published in Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica, 1982
Ove Rasmussen, Ib Tovborg-Jensen, Svend Boe
The function of the anterior tibiofibular ligament, of the syndesmosis between the distal parts of the tibia and fibula, and of the posterior tibiofibular ligament was elucidated by tracing mobility patterns before and after successive ligament transection in varying sequence. Eighteen osteoligamentous preparations were studied. Mobility was only minimally influenced by isolated cutting of the anterior tibiofibular ligament, and even complete cutting of the distal tibiofibular ligaments involved only minor abnormality in motion. However, external rotation was greatly increased by further cutting of the anterior part of the deltoid ligament or of the posterior talofibular ligament. This indicates that isolated injury of the anterior tibiofibular ligament must be rare, and total rupture of the distal tibiofibular structures is presumably as a rule combined with lesions of the anterior part of the deltoid ligament and/or of the posterior talofibular ligament.
Experimental Ankle Injuries: Analysis of the Traumatology of the Ankle Ligaments
Published in Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica, 1983
Ove Rasmussen, Claus Kromann-Andersen
On 32 osteoligamentous ankle preparations forced movements were performed in varying, accurately defined directions. the sequence in which this caused rupture of the individual ligamentous structures of the ankle is described. Dorsiflexion traumas predominantly injured the posterior part of the deltoid ligament, while in plantar flexion traumas the injuries primarily involved the anterior capsule and the anterior talofibular ligament. Internal rotation traumas injured the anterior talofibular ligament and the short, anterior fibres of the posterior talofibular ligament before the calcaneofibular ligament was damaged, whereas in adduction traumas the calcaneofibular ligament ruptured first. Forced external rotation primarily caused rupture of the deep structures of the deltoid ligament, while conversely abduction traumas first caused rupture of the superficial part of this ligament.
Posterior cruciate ligament injuries
Published in Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica, 1984
We have studied 48 patients with posterior cruciate ligament injury and 14 knees from fresh frozen cadavers. A diagnosis of posterior cruciate ligament injury was made by the sag and posterior drawer signs and stress x-ray films, the latter being useful in the grossly swollen and multiple ligament-injured knee. For avulsion injury, surgical management gave the best results. Other isolated posterior cruciate ligament injuries did well conservatively. When posterior cruciate injury is part of a multiple ligament injury, the nature of the associated ligament injury and that of the posterior cruciate determine the type of treatment; the posterior cruciate ligament is not more important than other knee ligaments.
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