Head and Neck
Bobby Krishnachetty, Abdul Syed, Harriet Scott in Applied Anatomy for the FRCA, 2020
Sensory Optic nerve receives light input from the retinaOphthalmic (V1) branch of trigeminal nerve Frontal nerve (conjunctiva and upper eyelid)Nasociliary nerve (cornea, iris and ciliary muscle)Lacrimal nerve (lacrimal gland)Maxillary (V2) branch of trigeminal nerve Infraorbital nerve (lower eyelid)
Oral Cavity Tumours Including Lip Reconstruction
John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford in Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
The sensory innervation of the lip is provided by the infraorbital and mental nerves. The infraorbital nerve is a branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve, which enters the face through the infraorbital foramen and provides sensation to the nasal sidewall, nasal ala and the upper lip. The mental nerve is a branch of the posterior trunk of the inferior alveolar nerve, which arises from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. The mental nerve exits the mandible between the first and second premolar teeth. It provides sensation to the lower lip. Intraoral infiltration of small amounts of local anaesthetic solution around the bony exit points of these two nerves allows for rapid and complete anaesthesia of the lips, making it easy to perform surgical procedures without general anaesthesia.
Head and neck
Tor Wo Chiu in Stone’s Plastic Surgery Facts, 2018
Maxilla Infraorbital nerve numbness.Malocclusion.Increased mobility (grasp anterior maxilla whilst fixing the face at the nose); however, impacted fractures may not move.Maxillary alveolus moves but nasofrontal area does not – Le Fort I.Maxillary alveolus and nasofrontal area move – Le Fort II.Entire mid-face moves – Le Fort III.
A Unique Method for Total Nasal Defect Reconstruction - Prefabricated Innervated Osteocutaneous Radial Forearm Free Flap
Published in Case Reports in Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2019
Uros Ahcan, Vojko Didanovic, Ales Porcnik
Five weeks after uneventful postoperative recovery, a 2nd stage was performed. “Neo-nose” was re-raised with a 12 cm long vascular pedicle including a LABCN (Figure 5A). All shaped tissues (nose inner lining and supporting midlayer framework) were viable and with excellent vascular supply. After titanium coated cage was removed, tissues preserved their desired shape and remained appropriately firm (Figure 5B, C). Simultaneously, facial artery, vein and a nasal branch of infraorbital nerve were prepared. After tunnelling pedicle under the cheek, end-to-end anastomoses were performed using interrupted 8–0 sutures for the artery and nerve and running 9–0 sutures for the vein. Bone framework was fixed to the frontal bone and maxilla using titanium micro-plate and screws. In the same stage, tissue expander was removed, pre-expanded paramedical forehead flap harvested, rotated downwards and sutured over the “neo-nose” with interrupted sutures (Figure 6A–F). Small defects on the forehead and forearm were skin grafted. Patient was discharged home as all flaps were well perfused.
A direct transcutaneous approach to infraorbital nerve biopsy
Published in Orbit, 2022
Kelly H. Yom, Brittany A. Simmons, Lauren E. Hock, Nasreen A. Syed, Keith D. Carter, Matthew J. Thurtell, Erin M. Shriver
To our knowledge, a transcutaneous approach for biopsy of the infraorbital nerve has not yet been described in the literature. As with all surgical procedures, it is important for the surgeon to counsel patients preoperatively and to be aware of the local anatomy. In this case series, four patients underwent minimally invasive transcutaneous infraorbital nerve biopsy, and findings from biopsy were sufficient for diagnosis of perineural invasion of squamous cell carcinoma. All patients had V2 hypoesthesia prior to surgery. If patients present with partial V2 hypoesthesia, they should be counseled that total hypoesthesia may be an expected sequela of the procedure. Postoperatively, all cases displayed good wound healing of the surgical site with no adverse events and no complaints of new or worsening symptoms. Understanding the anatomy of the infraorbital region and infraorbital nerve is necessary to guide the biopsy and prevent iatrogenic injury to surrounding structures.44–46 The infraorbital nerve can be located at its egress from the infraorbital foramen and is often palpable. When palpation is difficult, anatomic landmarks can help predict the location of the infraorbital foramen (Figure 3). Surgeons must be aware of the variations in infraorbital nerve anatomy. Multiple nerve foramina and offshoots of the infraorbital nerve have been reported, and knowledge of these possible variants will allow for proper localization and biopsy of the nerve.46,48
Zygomatic dental implant induced orbital fracture and inferior oblique trauma
Published in Orbit, 2019
Ann Q. Tran, Daniela P. Reyes-Capó, Nimesh A. Patel, Joshua Pasol, Hilda Capó, Sara T. Wester
The infraorbital nerve serves as a landmark for correct positioning of the implant drill lateral to the nerve toward the superior portion of the zygomatic bone that composes the lateral orbital rim.5 Orbital penetration is one of the most devastating of the reported complications.7 Penetration of the orbital cavity by a ZI drill can present with conjunctival hematoma and periorbital edema as well as extraocular muscle injury.5 In cases of either migrated conventional implant or ZI, rapid extraction of the implant can lead to resolution of visual and orbital symptoms.8 While postoperative complications can manifest early or late after the procedure, most traumatic orbital complications present immediately. Chronic complications typically include infection or fistula, such as in a case of a cutaneous zygomatic-orbital fistula occurring one year after ZI placement.9
Related Knowledge Centers
- Inferior Orbital Fissure
- Infraorbital Canal
- Infraorbital Foramen
- Maxillary Nerve
- Pterygopalatine Fossa
- Trigeminal Nerve
- Orbit
- Infraorbital Groove
- Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve
- Middle Superior Alveolar Nerve