Examination of Hip Joint in a Child
Nirmal Raj Gopinathan in Clinical Orthopedic Examination of a Child, 2021
In a standing position, it is imperative to first comment on both shoulders being at the same level or not. Also, note the position of the trunk and any increase in distance between the chest wall and upper arm, which may be a finding in cases with scoliosis (structural or functional) apart from other visible abnormalities like chest wall deformation. Note any prominent bony landmarks, and the presence of a pelvic tilt can be appreciated by comparing the position of the iliac crest on both sides. If the child has limb length discrepancy, the child will keep the shortened limb ankle in equinus or keep the opposite knee in a flexed position. Look for any rotational malalignment by looking at the position of the patella and where it is facing, and the position of the foot. Look for the presence of any swelling near the groin or thigh area. Quadriceps wasting, if present, is evident from the front.
Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow
Harold R. Schumacher, William A. Rock, Sanford A. Stass in Handbook of Hematologic Pathology, 2019
In general, bone marrow aspirate alone is taken from infants and children, as well as the sternal site in adults. Bone marrow aspirate combined with biopsy is recommended for the remainder of the population. The site chosen also depends on the age of the patient (Fig. 12). In children less than 1 year of age, the anteromedial surface of the tibia is the preferred location. On occasion, in older children and adults, the sternum, anterior iliac crest, or spinous processes of the L1 or L2 vertebrae may be required. However, the great majority of marrow aspirates and biopsies are obtained from the posterior superior iliac crest. This site provides a large surface area for placement of the needle. The posterior superior iliac crest is remote from vital organs, thereby minimizing the potential for complications.
The Articulations of the Lower Member
Gene L. Colborn, David B. Lause in Musculoskeletal Anatomy, 2009
Second, the sartorius arises from the anterior superior iliac spine and crosses the length of the thigh obliquely, from anterior to medial before inserting upon the tibia. Third, the rectus femoris has two rather distinct sites of origin from the hip bone. The more obvious origin is the anterior inferior iliac spine. Posteriorly, a second tendon arises just above the acetabulum and travels forward to join the tendon arising from the anterior inferior iliac spine. The combined rectus tendon joins the other tendons of the quadriceps femoris distally in the anterior compartment of the thigh. Finally, the tensor fasciae latae muscle arises from the lateral and anterior portion of the iliac crest. Its tendinous fibers join those of the gluteus maximus which insert by means of the iliotibial tract on the lateral aspect of the tibia, proximally.
The impact of high BMI on acute changes in body composition following 90 min of running
Published in Cogent Medicine, 2018
Seth H. Brayton, Tyler A. Bosch, Anne E Bantle, James S. Hodges, Donald R. Dengel, Lisa S. Chow
Because the exercise intensity was conducive to fat oxidation (Egan & Zierath, 2013), our DXA measurements focused on changes in fat mass. Fat mass was measured in the following regions: total body, trunk, arm, leg, android, gynoid, abdominal subcutaneous, and abdominal visceral. Trunk fat mass included fat mass from the chest, abdomen, and pelvis region. Arm fat mass was calculated by summing fat content in both arms. Leg fat mass was calculated by summing fat content from both legs. The android region was defined as the trunk area approximately between the ribs and the pelvis. The upper boundary was set at 20% of the distance between the iliac crest and the base of the skull. The lower boundary was the top of the iliac crest. The gynoid region included the hips and upper thighs, overlapping both the leg and trunk regions. Visceral and subcutaneous fat were calculated from the android region. Subcutaneous and visceral fat were determined by examining the X-ray attenuation between the edge of the body and the outer edge of the abdominal cavity, as previously described (Kaul et al., 2012). Visceral fat was calculated by subtracting subcutaneous fat mass from the android region fat mass (Kaul et al., 2012).
Validity and test–retest reliability of photogrammetry in adolescents with hyperkyphosis
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Fatemeh Azadinia, Mostafa Hosseinabadi, Ismail Ebrahimi, Mohammad-Ali Mohseni-Bandpei, Hasan Ghandhari, Marzieh Yassin, Hamid Behtash, Mohammad-Saleh Ganjavian
The photogrammetry examination was performed by the second author (M. H.), who was a Ph.D. candidate in Orthotics and Prosthetics with over 4 years of experience in postural assessment and treatment. First, the spinous processes of the seventh cervical (C7) and twelfth thoracic (T12) vertebrae were detected by palpation. The C7 has the most prominent spinous process and the minimum range of motion during flexion and extension movements (Shin, Yoon, and Yoon, 2011). To locate the T12, the participants were asked to inhale deeply to properly locate the ribs. The examiner placed the thumb-index finger web space under the participant’s 11th rib, and the spinous process of the T12 was thus placed along the thumb. To ensure the accuracy of the T12 position, the vertebrae were counted down to the 4th lumbar vertebra (L4). This vertebra is at the same level as the iliac crest. These reference points were marked on the skin with a pencil. Then, custom-made, lightweight, 5-cm-long markers fabricated with Pedilen were attached to the specified sites on the skin with double-sided tapes perpendicular to the skin.
Arthrodesis of the digital joint using intraosseous wiring in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Published in Modern Rheumatology, 2021
Yumi Nomura, Hajime Ishikawa, Asami Abe, Hiroshi Otani, Satoshi Ito, Kiyoshi Nakazono, Akira Murasawa
A woman in her 50s whose job involved sewing complained of an inability to pick up a sewing machine needle due to a mutilating deformity in both thumbs. Both IP joints were dislocated radially, and severe shortening due to bone resorption had occurred (Figure 4). Arthrodesis at the IP joint using intraosseous wiring with a bone block graft was performed. A bone block was harvested from the iliac crest and interposed between the two bones. The IP joint was fixed at 15° of flexion (Figure 5). A splint for the IP joint was applied for 8 weeks. Complete bone union occurred at three months after surgery in the right thumb and at four months after surgery in the left thumb. At seven months after surgery, although there was no significant improvement in the grip power or side-pinch power, a large improvement was noted in the patient’s VAS. The preoperative appearance improved from 3 to 90 postoperatively. The ease of putting strength into the digit improved from 9 to 45, the ease of use improved from 7 to 85, and the overall satisfaction improved from 4 to 88.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
- Latissimus Dorsi Muscle
- Palpation
- Tensor Fasciae Latae Muscle
- Pelvic Cavity
- Endochondral Ossification
- Wing of Ilium
- Posterior Superior Iliac Spine
- Iliac Tubercle
- Abdominal External Oblique Muscle