A to Z Entries
Clare E. Milner in Functional Anatomy for Sport and Exercise, 2019
The muscles of the pelvis also contribute to moving the hip joint. The hip extensors on the posterior side of the pelvis are the muscles of the buttocks – gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus – which make up the bulk of this region, plus tensor fasciae latae and the six deep lateral rotators of the thigh – piriformis, the internal and external obturators, gemellus superior and inferior, and quadratus femoris. The action of gluteus maximus is to extend and externally rotate the hip. Through its insertion into the iliotibial band of the thigh, gluteus maximus also stabilizes the knee in extension. The posterior part of the gluteus medius also contributes to these hip movements, but its anterior part flexes the hip and internally rotates it. Gluteus medius also abducts the thigh. The smaller gluteus minimus contributes to flexing, internally rotating, and abducting the thigh.
Lower limb
David Heylings, Stephen Carmichael, Samuel Leinster, Janak Saada, Bari M. Logan, Ralph T. Hutchings in McMinn’s Concise Human Anatomy, 2017
The iliofemoral ligament, reinforcing the hip joint capsule anteriorly, is one of the strongest in the body. The flexors of the hip (psoas major, rectus femoris) are mainly innervated by the femoral nerve, the adductors by the obturator nerve and the hamstrings by the sciatic nerve, with gluteus maximus extending the flexed hip (as in standing from a seated position and climbing stairs) being innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve. Gluteus medius and minimus, which prevent tilting of the pelvis when the opposite foot is off the ground during walking, are innervated by the superior gluteal nerve.
The Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh
Gene L. Colborn, David B. Lause in Musculoskeletal Anatomy, 2009
The gluteus medius is an extremely important abductor of the hip, arising broadly from the ilium and inserting upon the greater trochanter. Equally important is the fact that the gluteus medius muscle of one side of the body acts to keep the contralateral side of the pelvis from sagging when the limb of the contralateral side is lifted from the ground. [In other words, the functional origin and insertion can be reversed.] Loss of the gluteus medius causes one to lurch to the injured side, producing a pronounced limp which cannot be disguised, the so-called Trendelenberg sign.
Gluteus medius tears of the hip: a comprehensive approach
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2019
Collin LaPorte, Marci Vasaris, Leland Gossett, Robert Boykin, Travis Menge
The gluteus medius is a large, fan-shaped muscle, composed of anterior, middle and posterior sections. It originates at the anterior superior iliac spine and spans the entirety of the iliac crest to the posterior superior iliac spine [3,4]. Inferiorly, the gluteus medius attaches to the greater trochanter of the femur at the lateral and superoposterior facets. Robertson et al. described the gluteus medius tendon footprint in a cadaveric study of eight hips with gross dissection and 3D computer navigation technology [3]. All insertion sites were consistent across the eight cadaveric hips. Gluteus medius tears most commonly occur anteriorly in the lateral facet footprint of the tendon [5,6]. The function of the gluteus medius is to stabilize the hip joint during the initial phase of the gait cycle and is the major gait determinant of pelvic rotation [4].
Rehabilitation of a patient with bilateral rectus abdominis full thickness tear sustained in recreational strength training: a case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Omer B. Gozubuyuk, Ceylan Koksal, Esin N. Tasdemir
The main goals of this phase were regaining muscle strength and endurance. The patient was able to tolerate quadruped exercises, and the duration was increased steadily. One leg-standing was pain-free and balance exercises were utilized. The intensity was adjusted gradually, beginning with stable and then to unstable platforms. The patient’s gait improved markedly (Video 2). The patient was sleeping without disturbance and his daily life activities improved along with significant improvement in his night pain (Table 3). However, he was still complaining of mild stiffness and episodes of pain in his right-hip region, similar to his symptoms during the initial weeks. We decided to add dry needling at this stage to alleviate increased muscle tension and soreness. The needles (50 mm and 30 mm) were inserted into tender nodules in the muscle identified upon flat palpation. These nodules were located in the middle and anterior portions of the gluteus medius muscle, the proximal region of the right-tensor fascia latae and the proximal portion of the vastus lateralis (Travell and Simons, 1983). An observable twitch response occurred among some, but not all of these points.
Sex-related differences in hip and groin injuries in adult runners: a systematic review
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2023
Bailey J. Ross, Greg M. Lupica, Zakari R. Dymock, Cadence Miskimin, Mary K. Mulcahey
Analyses of sex-specific rates of specific hip/groin RRIs are also scant. Aggregating data from all included articles reporting on specific hip/groin diagnoses, this review found only gluteus medius injuries were markedly more common among females (26.7% vs. 47.8%), while only injuries to adductor (24.0% vs. 6.6%) and abductor (9.3% vs. 2.9%) muscles were substantially more prevalent among male runners. One included article found significant differences in the rates of these specific injuries between males and females [35]. Females exert a higher peak gluteus medius force while running, which increases with running speed and may translate to higher injury risk [42,43]. Prior literature has also suggested males exhibit a higher risk of groin injuries than females participating in the same sports [44].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Fascia
- Iliac Crest
- Muscle
- Tendon
- Pelvis
- Gluteal Muscles
- Gluteus Maximus
- Gluteal Aponeurosis
- Ilium
- Gluteal Lines