Neurological problems
Janet M Rennie, Giles S Kendall in A Manual of Neonatal Intensive Care, 2013
Germinal matrix–intraventricular haemorrhage (GMH-IVH) may occur spontaneously in a comparatively asymptomatic baby weighing less than 1 kg at birth, but is most commonly seen in babies less than 1.5 kg at birth who have been hypoxic, hypotensive, hypercarbic and acidaemic in association with apnoea, severe birth asphyxia, pneumothorax or respiratory distress syndrome. The underlying problem is thought to be that of an alteration in cerebral blood flow causing bleeding into the fragile capillary bed of the germinal matrix. Fluctuations in blood pressure, or of blood flow in this area associated with the baby fighting the ventilator, are thought to be important. Vasodilatation associated with hypercarbia contributes.
The Epidemiology Of Germinal Matrix/ Intraventricular Hemorrhage *
Michele Kiely in Reproductive and Perinatal Epidemiology, 2019
Germinal matrix tissue is primarily situated in the basal ganglia (in the head of the caudate nucleus) an area of high blood flow in the premature infant. However, since the area will involute, and its blood supply diminish, the vasculature of the germinal matrix, though abundant, is thin-walled and friable, and lacks mesenchymal support. It is easily ruptured by transmural pressure gradients. It is this combination of high flow and delicate vasculature that makes the germinal matrix so susceptible to bleeding.
Neonatology
Rachel U Sidwell, Mike A Thomson in Concise Paediatrics, 2020
This is a disturbance of neurological behaviour due to ischaemic damage to the brain. The areas affected are the ‘watershed zones’ between the major arteries (those most susceptible to hypoperfusion). The condition can result in cortical and subcortical necrosis and cysts, and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). (In premature infants germinal matrix haemorrhages occur, with intraventricular haemorrhage.)
Alterations in motor functional connectivity in Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy
Published in Brain Injury, 2022
Li Jiang, Dina El-Metwally, Chandler Sours Rhodes, Jiachen Zhuo, Ranyah Almardawi, Alexandre E Medina, Li Wang, Rao P. Gullapalli, Prashant Raghavan
Four out of 16 neonates in the HIE group and 0/11 neonates in the control group demonstrated abnormalities on conventional MRI. A summary of structural abnormalities is shown in Table 2. Of the four neonates with abnormal MRI scans, 3 neonates demonstrated signal abnormalities in the posterior limbs of the internal capsules. Abnormalities of the basal ganglia and thalami were present in three. Abnormalities of the cerebral cortex were present in two. No significant white matter abnormalities were noted. One neonate demonstrated a small area of grade 1 germinal matrix hemorrhage bilaterally. No structural abnormalities were present on conventional MR images of the control group.
Intraperitoneal cannabidiol attenuates neonatal germinal matrix hemorrhage-induced neuroinflamation and perilesional apoptosis
Published in Neurological Research, 2019
Timóteo Abrantes De Lacerda Almeida, Marcelo Volpon Santos, Luiza Da Silva Lopes, Gunjan Goel, Renato Leonardo De Freitas, Priscila De Medeiros, José Alexandre Crippa, Hélio Rubens Machado
The incidence of germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is approximately 3.5 per 1,000 live births and has remained stable in the past 20 years, after a reduction of approximately 50% in the 1980’s[1]. GMH occurs in approximately 45% of preterm infants weighing between 500 and 700 g [2]. It is well known that the pathogenesis of germinal matrix hemorrhage is intrinsically related to prematurity. The pathogenesis of GMH lies in the immaturity of vessels of the subependymal region at the head of the caudate nucleus, as well as disorders of local blood flow, and changes in the coagulation cascade and platelet activity [3].
A Case of Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type II With Additional Balanced Translocation t(1;20)(p13;p11.2)
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2019
Nasma K. Majeed, Diana Oramas, Valerie Lindgren, Steven Garzon, Dr. Elizabeth Wiley, Christopher Enakpene, Rajyasree Emmadi
The brain weighed 150 g (Reference: 112 ± 37 g) in the fresh state with an immature gyral pattern and a poorly demarcated gray-white matter junction consistent with fetal age. The hemispheres and white matter structures were symmetrical with bilateral foci of Grade 1 subependymal germinal matrix hemorrhage. Microscopy showed immature brain tissue with focal meningeal glioneuronal heterotopias but no perivenous calcifications (Fig. 2).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Anatomy
- Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage
- Glia
- Circulatory System
- Brain
- Gestation
- Intraventricular Hemorrhage
- Cell
- Development of The Nervous System
- Neuron