Effects of physical activity on the gallbladder and biliary tract in health and disease
Roy J. Shephard in Physical Activity and the Abdominal Viscera, 2017
This chapter looks at the impact of acute and chronic physical activity upon biliary function in both health and disease. Although physical activity modifies the secretions and emptying of the healthy gall bladder, the responses to exercise have greater significance for the prevention of disease than for the enhancement of human performance. The potential benefits of physical activity as a means of augmenting emptying of the gallbladder, reducing stasis and protecting against biliary disease have as yet received surprisingly little attention. Nevertheless, a survey of the published literature found 11 reviews that concluded with varying enthusiasm that regular physical activity was helpful in preventing gallbladder disease. Gallstone formation, cholecystitis and cholecystectomy are closely intertwined problems, and many reports have examined the influence of regular physical activity upon all three conditions. Many cross-sectional studies have examined associations between habitual physical activity and some measure of gallbladder disease.
Bile Duct Cancer
Dongyou Liu in Tumors and Cancers, 2017
The bile ducts are thin tubes of 10-12.5 cm in length that connect the liver, gallbladder, and small intestine. The bile ducts are divided into two sections: intrahepatic and extrahepatic. The intrahepatic bile ducts are small ducts located within the liver. The extrahepatic bile ducts include part of the right and left hepatic ducts outside the liver. The main function of the bile ducts is to collect bile produced in the liver and to carry the bile via the cystic duct to the gallbladder for storage and via the distal extrahepatic bile duct and through the pancreas to the small intestine. Tumors of the intrahepatic bile ducts arise from the biliary epithelium of small intrahepatic ductules or large intrahepatic ducts near the bifurcation of the right and left hepatic ducts. Tumors of the extrahepatic bile ducts occur in the common bile duct located between the point where the cystic duct joins the common hepatic duct and the ampulla of Vater.
The birth of modern surgery – from Lister to the 20th century
Harold Ellis, Sala Abdalla in A History of Surgery, 2018
The years from the 1860s to the outbreak of the Great War in 1914 saw an extraordinary burgeoning of surgery. By the beginning of the 20th century, gall bladder surgery was becoming a routine procedure. Undoubtedly, the Frank Thomas Paul–Johannes von Mikulicz operation represented a considerable advance in making colonic surgery safe. Paul had a career that was typical of the surgeons of his era, who commenced their work in pre-Listerian days and went on to experience the almost miraculous differences produced by antiseptic and aseptic methods. Berkeley Moynihan was created as Baron Moynihan of Leeds in 1929 when, until then, the only other surgeon to have been elevated to the peerage was Joseph Lister. Perforation of a gastric or duodenal ulcer into the peritoneal cavity gives rise to sudden severe symptoms and usually leads to fatal peritonitis unless the perforation is closed.
Gallbladder torsion: a cholecystectomy that cannot be delayed
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2020
Mazy David, Bez Mattia, Gunes Seda, Nebbot Benjamin, Herve Jerome
Gallbladder torsion is a rare entity, where the gallbladder twisted around its mesentery. Unfortunately, the diagnosis is rarely done preoperatively. This paper aims, through a case report, to describe the risk factors and the radiological criteria used to diagnose gallbladder torsion, in order to avoid a rapidly unfavourable evolution and the need to proceed to emergency cholecystectomy.
Hesperidin Induces ROS-Mediated Apoptosis along with Cell Cycle Arrest at G2/M Phase in Human Gall Bladder Carcinoma
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2019
Pratibha Pandey, Uzma Sayyed, Rohit Kumar Tiwari, Mohammad Haris Siddiqui, Neelam Pathak, Preeti Bajpai
A natural predominant flavonoid hesperidin rich in citrus fruits exhibits multifunctional medicinal properties. The anticancerous potential of hesperidin has been widely explored; however, the gall bladder carcinoma (GBC) still remains untouched due to the unavailability of efficient experimental model. The aim of our study was to identify the apoptotic and antiproliferative potential of hesperidin in GBC. The promising efficacy of hesperidin was assessed through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cellular apoptosis, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in the primary cells generated from surgically removed cancerous gall bladder tissues. Moreover, cell cycle analysis and caspases-3 activity were performed to confirm the apoptosis inducing potential of hesperidin. Results revealed that hesperidin exposure for 24 h at a dose of 200 µM reduced the cell proliferation of GBC cells significantly. In addition, hesperidin treatment further resulted in an increased ROS generation and nuclear condensation at the same dose. Caspase-3 activation and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase were also accelerated in a dose-dependent manner. Together, these results suggest that hesperidin can be considered as a potential anticancerous compound for the treatment of GBC. Furthermore, evaluation of the pharmacological aspects of hesperidin is desirable for drug development.
Acute Hepatic Injury and Renal Failure After Ingestion of Snake Gallbladder
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2006
Ta-Chung Chao, Ming-Ling Wu, Wei-Jen Tsai, Jiin Ger, Jou-Fang Deng
Ingestion of snake gallbladder has been practiced in ancient Chinese civilizations to improve vision and relieve arthritic pain. Although little is known about the composition of snake gallbladder, ingestion is still practiced in some Chinese cultures. Adverse effects of ingesting snake gallbladder have not yet been reported. Here, we present a case of acute hepatic injury and delayed-onset renal failure after ingestion of snake gallbladders. The patient subsequently recovered after supportive care, combined with plasma exchange and hemodialysis. He was the only survivor of the four victims suffering from intoxication of snake gallbladder in the last three years in our hospital.