Profile of Toxic Pufferfish
Ramasamy Santhanam in Biology and Ecology of Toxic Pufferfish, 2017
Description: Body of this species is oblong, thick and inflatable. Head is moderately blunt. Eyes are high on sides of head. Jaws are a strong beak composed of 4 fused heavy, powerful teeth with a central suture on each jaw. A slit-like gill opening is seen in front of the pectoral fin base. A single shot-based dorsal fin is present at rear of body. A similar-shaped anal fin is also present. There are no pelvic fins and spines in fins. Tail fin edge is bluntly straight. Skin is tough and scaleless. Flank is with numerous skin flaps. Prickles are present above and below on body and sometimes on sides. Brown to grey above and paler below. Upper head and body are provided with small red-brown spots. Lower sides are with many tiny black specks on a pale background. It feeds mainly on shellfish. This species has a maximum total length of 12 cm.
The Child With Abdominal Pain
Michael B O’Neill, Michelle Mary Mcevoy, Alf J Nicholson, Terence Stephenson, Stephanie Ryan in Diagnosing and Treating Common Problems in Paediatrics, 2017
Testicular torsion can be intra- or extravaginal. Intravaginal torsion occurs in older children and is due to torsion within the tunica vaginalis secondary to anomalous testicular suspension or the ‘bell and clapper’ deformity. Classically it presents with the sudden onset of severe scrotal pain with or without vomiting. Alternatively, it may present as referred pain to the flank or lower abdomen. Examination reveals a swollen, erythematous and extremely tender testis with absent cremasteric reflex. The contralateral testis may show a ‘bell and clapper’ deformity, i.e. lying horizontally rather than vertically. Extravaginal torsion occurs in the neonatal period because of twisting of the cord proximal to attachment of the tunica vaginalis. Neonates are asymptomatic and present immediately after birth with a non-tender bluish-black scrotal mass. Unfortunately, 75% of neonatal torsions occur antenatally and there is a poor salvage rate, even when the condition occurs in the neonatal period.
Abdomen and pelvis cases
Lt Col Edward Sellon, David C Howlett, Nick Taylor in Radiology for Medical Finals, 2017
Although this lesion was picked up incidentally, patients are often symptomatic. They may present with:Haematuria.Loin pain.Mass in the flank.Malaise.Weight loss.Fever (RCC is a cause of pyrexia of unknown origin).Polycythaemia, hypercalcaemia, and thrombocytosis are associated paraneoplastic syndromes.
Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: a cross-sectional study of 142 Chinese patients
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 2018
S Liao, Y Wang, K Li, J Zhu, J Zhang, F Huang
iRPF has no specific symptoms, and pain in the lower back, flank, and abdomen has been known to occur, which can track to the groin and hip region. Pain can be dull or sharp, and a large number of patients complained of acute pain that mimicked renal colic, which misled clinicians to look for signs of nephrolithiasis, resulting in a delay in diagnosis and inappropriate treatment. Flank pain (66.9%) was the most common presenting symptom in our cohort, in contrast to the highest incidence of having abdominal pain in other cohorts (18, 19) (Table 4). Flank pain was more common in male patients and in patients with a high smoking index. Hydronephrosis can develop before or after the onset of pain; in our cohort, abdominal ultrasound at a regular check-up revealed hydronephrosis without any other symptoms in about 10% of patients, suggesting that hydronephrosis could be an initial presentation.
Markers of Renal Function in Older Adults Completing a Higher Protein Obesity Intervention and One Year Later: Findings from the MEASUR-UP Trial
Published in Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics, 2018
Kathryn N. Porter Starr, Shelley R. McDonald, Aubrey Jarman, Melissa Orenduff, Richard Sloane, Carl F. Pieper, Connie W. Bales
Participants in both study arms received a supervised weight loss treatment program (hypo-caloric (500 kcal deficit) diet with goal of 10% weight loss over six months) delivered by Registered Dietitians (Interventionists). Interventionists provided individualized kcal prescriptions and meal plans, led weekly group meetings for counseling and peer support and supervised weekly weigh-ins. Control participants were prescribed a 15% protein, 30% fat, 55% carbohydrate diet with a protein intake of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (0.8 g/kg body weight). Protein participants were prescribed 30% protein, 30% fat, 40% carbohydrate and their protein intake was 1.2 g/kg body weight/day; their meal plans included ≥30 g of lean, high-quality protein three times a day. Portions of lean and very lean beef protein (ground sirloin, deli roast beef, and flank steak) were provided to the Protein group for two of three meals each day to aid intervention compliance. For the remaining meal, interventionists instructed participants to consume lean high quality protein such as, chicken breast, salmon, pork tenderloin, whey protein powder, eggs and egg whites.
PT-112 induces immunogenic cell death and synergizes with immune checkpoint blockers in mouse tumor models
Published in OncoImmunology, 2020
Takahiro Yamazaki, Aitziber Buqué, Tyler D. Ames, Lorenzo Galluzzi
One x 106 TSA cells treated in vitro with 150 µM CDDP, 2.5 µM mitoxantrone (MTX), or 150 µg/mL PT-112 for 24 hours were washed once and resuspended in 100 μL PBS for subcutaneous inoculation into the lower flank of 7 weeks old female BALB/c mice (vaccination). One week later, mice received 0.1 × 106 untreated TSA cells s.c. into the contralateral flank (challenge). Tumor incidence and growth were monitored routinely with a common lab caliper, and mice were euthanized when tumor size exceeded ethical limits or with manifestations of systemic disease (such as hunched posture, anorexia, and weight loss). Mice rejecting the challenge injection were re-challenged 60 days later with 0.1 × 106 untreated TSA cells in one flank, as a control for vaccination durability.
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