Sensory organs
Aida Lai in Essential Concepts in Anatomy and Pathology for Undergraduate Revision, 2018
Drainage of paranasal sinuses– maxillary sinus: hiatus semilunaris– sphenoid sinus: sphenoethmoidal recess– frontal sinus: middle nasal meatus– post. ethmoidal sinus: sup. nasal meatus– middle ethmoidal sinus: ethmoid bulla (middle nasal meatus)– ant. ethmoidal sinus: hiatus semilunaris
Sinus headache and nasal disease
Stephen D. Silberstein, Richard B. Upton, Peter J. Goadsby in Headache in Clinical Practice, 2018
Sinus infection can result in acute suppurative meningitis, subdural or epidural abscess, and brain abscess. In addition, osteomyelitis and subperiosteal abscess can occur. Infection of the ethmoid, and, to a lesser extent, the sphenoid sinuses, is responsible for orbital complications, which include edema, orbital cellulitis, and subperiosteal and orbital abscess.7 A mucocele is a mucus-containing cyst located in the sinuses. These are most common (and benign) in the maxillary sinus (mucus retention cyst). Those located in the frontal, sphenoid, or ethmoid sinus can enlarge and erode into the surrounding structures. A pyocele is an infected mucocele.8,present with purulent nasal discharge, which is not characteristic in adults. Fever is infrequent, even with acute sinusitis, and is usually associated with complicated acute sinusitis.30,31
Orbit
Mostafa Khalil, Omar Kouli in The Duke Elder Exam of Ophthalmology, 2019
The orbit is a pyramidal-shaped space with the apex situated posteriorly and the base anteriorly. It is madeup of seven bones which are grouped as follows: Roof: Frontal bone and lesser wing of the sphenoid.Lateral wall: Zygomatic bone and greater wing of the sphenoid.Floor: Zygomatic, maxillary and palatine bones.Medial wall: Maxillary, lacrimal, sphenoid and ethmoid bones. The lamina papyracea is a paper-thin plate which covers the ethmoidal cells and forms a part of the medial wall. It can act as a route of entry for infection from the ethmoid sinus.
Progressive proptosis secondary to pneumosinus dilatans of the ethmoidal sinus in a pediatric patient
Published in Orbit, 2021
Rebeca Rosés Sáiz, Elsa Font Julià, Félix García Ortega, Cristina Piñero Cutillas
Clinical examination revealed a proptosis of his left eye, with no masses or prominences evidenced. The overlying skin was normal. The rest of the left side of the face was also normal. Nevertheless, a mild hyper function of the inferior oblique muscles associated with V syndrome was evidenced (Figure 1a-b). Measures of the degree of exophthalmos were made with a Hertel exophthalmometer, resulting in 15 mm for the right eye, and 18 mm for the left eye (Figure 1c-d). Visual acuity and the rest of the clinical examination were unremarkable. Imaging tests such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance image (MRI) (Figure 2a-c) were indicated, which revealed an abnormal hyperaeration of the left anterior ethmoidal sinus, without any presence of mass or collection. A slight volume of mucus was found (see details in image 2a), with no pathological impact associated.
Corticosteroid-eluting implants for the management of chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2023
Dafna Gershnabel Milk, Kent K. Lam, Joseph K. Han
The BISORB corticosteroid-eluting implant is another intraoperatively placed polylactide-co-glycolide polymer stent that is coated with 652 μg of MF. The MF is released onto the surrounding mucosa in a controlled manner in approximately 30 days. The stent was approved by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) in November 2013 and was enrolled in two prospective, multicenter, randomized, intrapatient-control trials that were recently published. The first of these studies was conducted by Wang et al. and included 95 patients with eosinophilic CRSwNP, who were scheduled for ESS [16]. Intraoperatively, BISORB implants were inserted into the ethmoid and frontal sinuses on one side, while the contralateral side received surgery alone. At 12 weeks of follow-up, there was a significant reduction in the mean Lund-Kennedy scoring system on the side that received the sinus implant (1.05 ± 1.15 versus 2.05 ± 1.32). There was also a significant reduction in the median ethmoid tissue eosinophilia at week 4 (30.0 ± 20.0 versus 60.0 ± 50.0) and a significant reduction in median 3-dimensional volumetric CT score analysis (ethmoidal sinus: 25.0 ± 7.5 versus 30.0 ± 14.5, frontal sinus: 31.0 ± 33.0 versus 35.0 ± 38.5), mean nasal obstruction scores (0.92 ± 1.24 versus 1.35 ± 1.64), and mean total nasal symptom scores at week 8 (5.47 ± 3.82 versus 6.41 ± 3.74). No adrenal-cortical suppression or implant-related adverse events were observed.
Orbital Complications of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Two Years’ Experience in a Tertiary Referral Hospital
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2023
Dina Tadros, Mohamed O Tomoum, Heba M. Shafik
In all our cases, CT scans with contrast were conducted to confirm the diagnosis of RS and the degree of orbital effects. Some studies defer CT scanning for post-septal orbital disease or after 24 hours of medical treatment without progress.22 Rubin et al.23 reported only lid edema and hyperemia in two patients with SPA secondary to RS. Our study suggests using CT scan with contrast for early diagnosis of RS, to determine the degree of orbital complications and to tailor the treatment plan.14,24,25 MRI was conducted only in patients with suspected intracranial anomaly such as meningitis, cavernous sinus thrombosis, and brain abscess.24,25 We found a relatively high incidence of orbital complications in ethmoidal and frontal sinusitis in our study, consistent with prior research26–28 in which infection in the ethmoidal sinus has been found to spread directly and indirectly.24
Related Knowledge Centers
- Ethmoid Bone
- Paranasal Sinuses
- Sphenoid Sinus
- Nasal Cavity
- Maxillary Sinus
- Ethmoidal Labyrinth
- Nasal Meatus
- Orbit
- Ethmoidal Infundibulum
- Sphenoethmoidal Recess