Molecular Biology of the Amelogenin Gene
Colin Robinson, Jennifer Kirkham, Roger Shore in Dental Enamel, 2017
The organs most frequently treated by health care professionals are the teeth. Enamel is the most common target for such professional intervention, partly because, unlike bone and dentine, it is acellular and as such has only a limited capacity for repair and essentially no capability for tissue regeneration. A detailed dissection of the cellular, subcellular, and molecular mechanisms and processes that are used to create the unique properties of enamel may allow us to devise better ways to prevent its destruction and ultimately to restore its function. However, investigations into enamel biogenesis have a reputation for providing scientists with many complex and technical problems. This was summarized by Fearnhead who concluded that although the problems remain the same, modern technology is enabling the answers to be approached.1
ISQ – Behavioural syndromes
Bhaskar Punukollu, Michael Phelan, Anish Unadkat in MRCPsych Part 1 In a Box, 2019
Complications of eating disorders associated with vomitingDental – erosion of dental enamel leading to tooth decay.Gl – salivary gland and pancreatic inflammation and enlargement with increase in serum amylase, oesophageal and gastric erosionMetabolic – electrolyte abnormalities, particularly hypokalaemic hypochloremic alkalosis, hypomagnesaemia.Neuropsychiatric – seizures, mild neuropathies, fatigue and weakness.
Biocultural Perspectives on Health and Disease
Debra L. Martin, Anna J. Osterholtz in Bodies and Lives in Ancient America, 2015
The analysis of defects in dental enamel provides another measure of growth disruption. Dental enamel hypoplasia is a deficiency in enamel thickness that results from a disruption in the formation of the matrix. Enamel defects can result from systemic disruption, hereditary conditions, and localized trauma. Unlike bone, once enamel matures, it cannot be remodeled. Enamel is secreted in a regular ringlike pattern, and the crown development provides a permanent chronological record of any physiological disruption. An understanding of rates of enamel formation allows one to define the time in development at which the metabolic disruption occurred.
Effects of radiotherapeutic X-ray irradiation on cervical enamel
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2021
Yeşim Deniz, Çağatay Aktaş, Tuğba Misilli, Burak Çarıkçıoğlu
It should be pointed out that this study was conducted on cervical enamel, the area where radiation caries exist is most common. The inner enamel samples were obtained from cervical enamel. Because of some reasons, rods constituted by hydroxyapatite crystals do not arrange continuously parallel to each other. The rods are perpendicular to the outer surface of the tooth, thus indicating oriented discontinuities (Fattibene and Callens 2010). Because crystals have exhibited a horizontal–diagonal orientation, we could not achieve the similar rods and interprismatic enamel images on every SEM examination. Additionally, previous reports indicated that the inner enamel has higher organic content compared to surface enamel, and it is more sensitive to irradiation (De Menezes Oliveira et al. 2010). In the real situation, inner enamel is covered by more mineralized surface enamel which protects the inner tissues from several harmful external attacks. But as a deficiency of this study, the inner enamel has been irradiated directly. As our consideration, if specimens were irradiated without sectioning as Madrid et al.s’ study, the evaluation of the inner enamel would be more accurate to the real dental condition (Madrid et al. 2017). But in that status, after the irradiation process, the samples would be more fragile and gaining sensitivity toward our slicing process. Because of that, we prepared sectioned samples before RT.
Interaction of rod decussation and crack growth in enamel
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Siyong Liu, Yuanzhi Xu, Bingbing An, Dongsheng Zhang
Enamel is a biological composite with ingenious hierarchical structure. At the nanoscale, enamel is composed of stiff mineral crystals embedded in soft protein matrix (Zhou and Hsiung 2006; Bar-On and Wagner 2012). The nanoscale mineral crystals are further assembled into enamel rods at the microscale, where non-uniform arrangement of mineral crystals is observed (Xie et al. 2009; An et al. 2012). The rods are wrapped by thin organic layers and exhibit unique arrangement in enamel (He and Swain 2008; Chai 2014). In the outer enamel that is close to occlusal plane, the rods are organized in a parallel manner whereas rod decussation, which is associated with the crossing of rod bundles, emerges in the inner enamel near the dentin–enamel junction (Cox 2013; Weng et al. 2016). Such rod decussation leads to formation of the parazone and diazone (Bajaj and Arola 2009a; Thompson 2020).
Candida albicans Bgl2p, Ecm33p, and Als1p proteins are involved in adhesion to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2021
Hoa Thanh Nguyen, Rouyu Zhang, Naoki Inokawa, Takahiro Oura, Xinyue Chen, Shun Iwatani, Kyoko Niimi, Masakazu Niimi, Ann Rachel Holmes, Richard David Cannon, Susumu Kajiwara
In the oral cavity, saliva has a number of functions. It contains antimicrobial factors such as lysozyme and histatins, and amylase to begin the breakdown of starch, but it also contains several nutrients that microorganisms can metabolize. Thus, saliva enables microbial colonization of the mouth and it has been reported that C. albicans can utilize salivary constituents for the growth and the colonization of tooth surfaces [10,11]. Salivary proteins adsorb to oral surfaces to form the acquired pellicle. The main component of tooth enamel is hydroxyapatite and the adsorption of salivary proteins to hydroxyapatite can promote microbial adhesion. Salivary basic proline-rich proteins (bPRPs) within the pellicle are thought to act as main receptors for the adherence of C. albicans [12,13].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Calcium Phosphate
- Dentin
- Hydroxyapatite
- Tissue
- Tooth
- Crown
- Cementum
- Pulp
- Tooth Eruption
- REMineralisation of Teeth