Head and Neck
Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno in Understanding Human Anatomy and Pathology, 2018
The posterior digastric muscle attaches posteriorly onto the mastoid process of the temporal bone and anteriorly by the intermediatedigastric tendon to the anterior digastric muscle (Plates 3.24, 3.25a, and 3.35), which as noted above is a 1st arch muscle structure innervated by the trigeminal nerve. The intermediate tendon is attached to the body of the hyoid bone and to the greater horn of the hyoid bone by a fibrous sling. This sling reveals the original attachment of the muscle structure that gave rise to the posterior digastric muscle: the hyoid bone, which is logically the main embryonic attachment of 2nd arch (hyoid) muscles. As a whole, the complex formed by the anterior and posterior digastric muscles elevates the hyoid bone and depresses the mandible, as explained above. As its name indicates, the stylohyoid muscle runs from the styloid process of the temporal bone to the body of the hyoid bone, thus keeping its embryonic attachment to the hyoid bone. Thus, the stylohyoid muscle logically functions to raise the hyoid bone.
Anatomy of the Lower Face and Neck
Neil S. Sadick in Illustrated Manual of Injectable Fillers, 2020
The masseter and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle are innervated by the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3). This nerve exits the skull base at the foramen ovale, descends in the parapharyngeal space, and then forms multiple distal branches with motor, sensory, and parasympathetic components. The motor branch to the masseter innervates the muscle fibers from the deep surface and is generally not at risk during facial rejuvenation procedures. More anteriorly, the mandibular branch provides the motor innervation of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle, making rotation of this portion an excellent option in repair of a permanent marginal branch injury with lower face asymmetry (18). The posterior belly of the digastric muscle is innervated by a short branch off the proximal facial nerve.
Emergency Surgery
Tjun Tang, Elizabeth O'Riordan, Stewart Walsh in Cracking the Intercollegiate General Surgery FRCS Viva, 2020
Bleeding is noted to be emanating from the distal ICA, from a zone III injury. You can't get to it from a standard zone II neck exploration incision (mastoid process to sternoclavicular joint). What are some surgical manoeuvers that you can do to attain more distal control?Incise the anterior digastric muscle.Sublux the mandibular condyle anteriorly at the temporomandibular joint (request ENT assistance) (Figure 11.6).Mandibular osteotomy (Figure 11.7).Ligation of distal ICA may be the only solution if the transected artery has retracted and not amenable to reconstruction.
Numerical model proposed for a temporomandibular joint prosthesis based on the recovery of the healthy movement
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2018
Henrique Takashi Idogava, Pedro Yoshito Noritomi, Gregory Bregion Daniel
The simulation used the software PTC Creo Parametric, version 3.0, in the section of Rigid Analysis of Mechanisms. Among the featured tools, the software has a specific area that determines the tracks of the cam and follower. At the opening, the force of the digastric muscle was used until the moment of maximum aperture, while the temporal muscle was represented by spring elastic stiffness (Table 1). The Medial, Temporal, and Masseter (superficial and deep) muscle stiffness were considered for closure. Digastric muscle has an insertion at the border of the mandible and origin in the anterior neck. As seen in Figure 5, the force used to represent it was a vector with an angle of 20° and intensity of 46.4 N as proposed by Koolstra and van Eijden (2006). The time scale of the graphs is related with the mandible motion with the division of the simulation in two time steps. The first step involved opening the mandible with the force of the Digastric Muscle in the first 2.25 s and the presence of all the muscles in Table 1. From 2.25 s until the end of the simulation in 4.5 s, the force is not applied, and the contracted muscles make the return movement of the mandible to the initial position. These time values were estimated and compared from the Z-axis displacement amplitudes of a healthy patient’s mandible from Missaka (2010). Emphasizing that results obtained by Missaka (2010) represent the displacement of a healthy mandible.
Single clip: An improvement of the filament-perforation mouse subarachnoid haemorrhage model
Published in Brain Injury, 2019
Jianhua Peng, Yue Wu, Jinwei Pang, Xiaochuan Sun, Ligang Chen, Yue Chen, Jiping Tang, John H. Zhang, Yong Jiang
Same as the classic technique, a midline incision was performed on the neck. Specifically, we first separated the digastric muscle posterior belly. Then, the bifurcation of the ECA and ICA was exposed. The ECA was ligated as far cranially as possible (the superior thyroid artery (STA) was fully reserved). Then, prearrange one ligation for the filament around the ECA stump. Next, the PPA and ICA were exposed (does not need to traced the ICA completely).The ECA was temporarily occluded by a microclip (Roboz Surgical Instrument Co., Inc., Gaithersburg, USA). A 5–0 prolene filament (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ, USA) was advanced into the ECA, and the reserve line was then tied. After the clips were removed, the ECA was traced in a cranial direction. The following steps were performed as previously described (Figure 1a–b).
Comparative outcomes of extracapsular dissection and superficial parotidectomy
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2019
Kerem Ozturk, Arin Ozturk, Goksel Turhal, Isa Kaya, Serdar Akyildiz, Umit Uluoz
In the surgical procedure, SP started with modified Blair incision, starting from the preauricular area, extending from the anterior of the tragus to the anterior of the ear lobe, from here to the mastoid apex and extending 2–3 cm parallel to the mandibular ramus. Than subcutaneous tissue was dissected and the superficial muscular aponeurotic system was elevated to reveal parotid gland boundaries. In the group of patients undergoing SP, tragal pointer, posterior belly of the digastric muscle and sternocleidomastoid muscle were used as a surgical marker, and facial nerve truncus was identified with dissection. After identification of the facial nerve trunk and main branches, the mass was excised with at least superior or inferior level of the superficial lobe of the parotid gland. The tumours were resected with at least 2–3 cm surrounding healthy parotid tissue of the superficial lobe. In the ECD group, the incisions were limited to the skin aesthetic lines on the modified Blair incision line according to the palpable mass. The tumour was excised by meticulous dissection, preserving capsule integrity and surgical identification of facial nerve branches was not performed. In the SP group, one minivac drain was placed in the surgical field. In the group of patients who underwent ECD, one Penrose drain was inserted.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Facial Nerve
- Mandibular Nerve
- Suprahyoid Muscles
- Temporal Bone
- Tendon
- Embryology
- Jaw
- Mastoid Part of The Temporal Bone
- Digastric Fossa of Mandible
- Temporal Styloid Process