Musculoskeletal system
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha in Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
Figure 3.21a shows the subscapularis tendon in the longitudinal plane. It appears as a hyperechoic band that follows the contour of the lesser tuberosity. Anteriorly, the deltoid muscle can be observed. The supraspinatus should be evaluated from the superior facet of the greater tuberosity to the acromion, along its long (Fig. 3.21b) and short axes. Figure 3.21c shows the infraspinatus tendon. The ACJ is shown in Fig. 3.21d. The articular surfaces are smooth and rounded, with the joint space identified as the hypoechoic gap between them. Adjacent bony structures show posterior acoustic shadowing.
Deltoid and Scapular Regions
Gene L. Colborn, David B. Lause in Musculoskeletal Anatomy, 2009
Deltoid Muscle. Identify the deltoid muscle. Define its borders and the orientation of its fibers by freeing the muscle of its fascial investment. The deltoid arises from the lateral third of the clavicle and the acromion process and spine of the scapula. Note the convergence of its fibers toward the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus. The deltoid is the principal abductor of the arm. Its anterior and posterior fibers, respectively, assist in flexion and extension of the arm. The deltoid is innervated by the axillary nerve from C5 and C6 (primarily C5).
Anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder
Andreas B. Imhoff, Jonathan B. Ticker, Augustus D. Mazzocca, Andreas Voss in Atlas of Advanced Shoulder Arthroscopy, 2017
The deltoid muscle consists of three portions and seven segments: (1) the anterior part originates from the lateral end of the clavicle and anterior-third of the acromion, (2) the middle part attaches to the mid-third of the lateral aspect of the acromion, and (3) the posterior part to the posterior third of the lateral acromion as well as the scapular spine.39,40
Transcranial direct current stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder: an update in electric field modeling and investigations for optimal electrode montage
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2019
Renata de Melo Felipe da Silva, Marcelo Camargo Batistuzzo, Roseli Gedanke Shavitt, Eurípedes Constantino Miguel, Emily Stern, Eva Mezger, Frank Padberg, Giordano D’Urso, Andre R Brunoni
The software incorporates the MNI standard brain and three adult example brain meshes. The standard MNI brain was used for field modeling of the different electrode positions, electrode sizes and current strengths of the OCD studies to obtain comparable results. Electrodes were positioned using the 10–20 EEG system incorporated in HD-ExploreTM. Some studies positioned the reference electrode on the deltoid muscle. In these cases the electrodes were positioned at the neck position, as the software does not allow positioning on the deltoid muscle. After placing the electrodes, adjusting electrode size and current strength, the models were run. For each study, we have extracted the peak electrical field value of the main ROIs using the functionality of the software that presents the peak electrical field value and its spatial localization.
Development of a New Model of Humeral Hemiarthroplasty in Rats
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2023
Efi Kazum, Eran Maman, Zachary T. Sharfman, Reut Wengier, Osnat Sher, Amal Khoury, Ofir Chechik, Oleg Dolkart
Anasthesia carried out with isoflurane under high flow oxygen. The trans-deltoid lateral approach was used. Skin incision was performed proximal and distal to the lateral border of the acromion, in a parallel axis to the humerus. The middle third (acromial) part of the deltoid muscle was exposed and split between its longitudinal fibers (Figure 1A + B). The muscle was then retracted to allow exposure of the cranial third of the humerus. The anatomical landmarks (subscapularis tendon, lesser tuberosity, bicipital groove with the bicipital tendon and the greater tuberosity) were identified. Gentle sharp dissection of the anterior fibers of the supraspinatus and the superior fibers of the subscapularis tendons at the rotator interval was performed. Biceps tendon tenotomy followed by dislocation of the humeral head was performed. The center of the humeral head was identified and burred with a dremel tool and conical burr (Skill Tools, Mt. Prospect, Illinois, USA). The burr hole was expanded to create a round cavity with thin cortices in the proximal humeral head at the level of the rotator cuff insertion to the tuberosities (Figure 1C). After measurements of the native humeral head, a 2.7–2.9 mm stainless steel metal bearing ball was inserted into the cavity (Figure 1D, F). Joint reduction was then performed. Stability and joint mobility were tested. Closure of the supraspinatus and subscapularis were performed with 4/0 vicryl. The deltoid was then closed with 4/0 vicryl and the skin with 4/0 nylon sutures.
Shoulder Muscle Activity Dampens Arm Swing Motion When Altering Upper Limb Mass Characteristics During Locomotion
Published in Journal of Motor Behavior, 2019
Michael J. MacLellan, Shannon Ellis
Taken together, these results suggest that the CNS enlists complex adaptations to maintain the locomotor pattern when the arms are loaded, however the functional relevance of these increased shoulder muscles activities has not been explicitly examined. It is possible that these increased deltoid muscle activities may function to assist in driving arm swing when the inertial properties of the arms are altered, dampen the heavier upper limbs and in order to maintain the temporal coordination of the arm movements, or a combination of both of these aspects. The purpose of the current study was to determine the functional significance of the increased shoulder muscle activity that is present when weight is added bilaterally or unilaterally to the arms, by examining the changes in shoulder muscle activity during these loading conditions in specific velocity-related regions of the arm swing profile. It was initially hypothesized that the increased shoulder muscle activity functions to assist in driving arm swing, suggesting a greater contribution from active neural control mechanisms when the arms are loaded as suggested by Donker et al. (2002) and Kuhtz-Buschbeck et al. (2014; Kuhtz-Buschbeck & Frendel, 2015).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Acromion
- Cephalic Vein
- Electromyography
- Muscle
- Nervous System
- Spine of Scapula
- Pectoralis Major
- Muscle Cell
- Scapula
- Shoulder
- Spine of Scapula