Head and neck
Aida Lai in Essential Concepts in Anatomy and Pathology for Undergraduate Revision, 2018
Attachments of buccinator muscle– origin: post. parts of maxilla + mandible; pterygomandibular raphe– insertion: orbicularis oris– nerve SS: buccal branch of facial n. (CNVII)– function: compresses cheeks inwards against teeth
Anatomy and Embryology of the Mouth and Dentition
John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford in Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
The buccinator muscle compresses the cheek against the teeth and gums during mastication and assists the tongue in directing food between the teeth. When the cheeks have been distended with air, the buccinators expel it between the lips, for example, when playing wind instruments. The buccinator muscle is innervated by the buccal branch of the facial nerve. Its arterial supply is derived from the facial and maxillary (buccal branch) arteries.
Anatomy
Jonathan M. Fishman, Vivian A. Elwell, Rajat Chowdhury in OSCEs for the MRCS Part B, 2017
Note: The buccinator muscle is regarded as a muscle of facial expression and is, therefore, a second branchial arch derivative innervated by the facial, or seventh, cranial nerve. This is one of many situations in which a good knowledge of embryology and especially, the branchial arches may help to predict the anatomy.
Cell culture models of oral mucosal barriers: A review with a focus on applications, culture conditions and barrier properties
Published in Tissue Barriers, 2018
Lisa Bierbaumer, Uwe Yacine Schwarze, Reinhard Gruber, Winfried Neuhaus
The parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands are the three major paired salivary glands. Numerous other minor salivary glands open into the mouth and are scattered throughout the oral cavity. The parotid gland, the largest of the saliva glands, is situated in front of the external ear and is almost entirely serous. The palpable parotid duct runs superficial of the buccinator muscle and through the cheek to drain into the mouth opposite of the second permanent maxillary molar. The submandibular gland is the size of a walnut and irregular in shape but generally spheroid and is located at the posterior and lower part of the mylohyoid muscle and mostly serous. The sublingual gland is the smallest of the three major paired salivary glands; it is flat and shaped like an almond. The location is cranial of the mylohyoid muscle and beneath the mouth floor mucosa. The sublingual gland is seromucous but most cells are mucous.11
International assessment of interobserver reproducibility of flap delineation in head and neck carcinoma
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2022
Arnaud Beddok, Leslie Guzene, Alexandre Coutte, David Thomson, Sue S. Yom, Valentin Calugaru, Eivind Blais, Olivier Gilliot, Séverine Racadot, Yoann Pointreau, June Corry, Kenneth Jensen, Sandro Porceddu, Nazim Khalladi, Vianney Bastit, Audrey Lasne-Cardon, Pierre-Yves Marcy, Florent Carsuzaa, Christophe Nioche, Jean Bourhis, Julia Salleron, Juliette Thariat
The lack of reproducibility for FAMM flap delineation could be due to the complex visualization of the flap on postoperative imaging, including CT [19]. A postoperative MRI could possibly help the radiation oncologist to delineate the FAMM flap, especially the T1 and T2-weighted MR, and the CUBE enhanced fat-suppressed T1-weighted MR. This was however beyond the scope of the current study. It is important to remember that this flap is usually short, harvested in a plane deep to the facial artery by including the overlying part of the buccinator muscle along its length and part of the orbicularis oris in the area of the oral commissure [20]. The FAMM flap is rotated next to its native mucosal cheek area. It does not add any unusual tissue such as bone, thick muscle, or artificial material in the reconstructed area, which may have made it easier to identify on imaging. Therefore, even more than for other flaps, the operative report is necessary to accurately locate the flap site and its components based on their tissue densities, length and thickness after flap harvesting and reshaping. A standardized operative report should include precise information, already listed in the atlas [11].
Oral mucosa grafting in periorbital reconstruction
Published in Orbit, 2018
The OMG should be dissected off the submucosal fat and minor salivary glands (MSG) covering the inner surface of the buccinator muscle.74,75 Trauma to the buccinator which serves as a muscle of facial expression may lead to wound contracture and restriction of mouth opening.76 Perioral numbness may result from injury to the buccal nerve caused by aggressive posterior dissection during harvesting from the inner cheek. The harvesting surgeon must be constantly aware of the structures within the anatomical buccal space lateral to the buccinator muscle. These include the buccal fat pad; Stensen’s duct of the parotid gland; the facial artery and vein anteriorly; the buccal artery posteriorly; lymphatic vessels; together with buccal branches of the facial and trigeminal nerves. Stensen’s duct arises from the parotid gland, continues forward lateral to the masseter, it then turns medially at the anterior border of the masseter, passes through the buccal fat pad and penetrates the buccinator muscle before terminating at its orifice on the mucosa opposite the maxillary second molar tooth.74,75 Inadvertent trauma to Stensen’s duct may lead to a transient decrease in parotid salivary flow. Damage can be avoided by visually identifying the opening of Stensen’s duct or by squeezing the parotid gland.77,78
Related Knowledge Centers
- Alveolar Process
- Mandible
- Maxilla
- Orbicularis Oris Muscle
- Molar
- Buccinator Crest
- Wisdom Tooth
- Pterygomandibular Raphe
- Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle
- Lip