iDiet
Caroline Apovian, Elizabeth Brouillard, Lorraine Young in Clinical Guide to Popular Diets, 2018
The high national prevalence of obesity and overweight is one of the major public health challenges of our time. Excess body weight not only increases the risk of chronic diseases and cognitive decline throughout adult life, but also dramatically increases health care costs.1 Behavioral weight loss programs are recommended by expert committees for weight loss and prevention of weight regain,2,3 and 5%–10% weight loss is a clinical benchmark recognized to provide important health benefits including decreased risk of diabetes and reduction in cardiometabolic risk factors.2 However, scalable behavioral programs typically result in a mean weight loss of only 1%–5% in completing participants4–10 and weight regain is common, which means that less than half of participants achieve clinically impactful weight loss.
Introduction
Anna Bellisari in The Anthropology Of Obesity in the United States, 2016
Overweight and obesity are defined relative to a standard measure of normal weight. For persons concerned with physical appearance and weight goals, body weight is the critical measure of overweight or obesity. But for the purpose of scientific description of body weight and variations within and among social groups and populations, the Body Mass Index (BMI) is used. Body weight alone is not very informative; it must be standardized by height to be meaningful, since taller people are generally heavier. The BMI was developed by 18th-century Belgian statistician and scientist Lambert Adolphe Quetelet to hold height constant while comparing weights (Ulijaszek et al. 1998). BMI is an individual’s weight divided by height squared. It is used in epidemiological studies and clinical settings as a proxy for adiposity, the level of body fatness.
Linear Latent Growth Curve Models
Jason T. Newsom in Longitudinal Structural Equation Modeling, 2015
A latent growth curve model as depicted in Figure 7.3 was estimated to investigate changes in body weight over 12 years (six waves of data separated by two years each) using the health and aging data set (N=5,335). Body weight was measured by the body mass index (BMI), which is a ratio of weight to square of height (kg/m2). Syntax and data sets used in the examples are available at the website for the book. The model set each intercept factor loading equal to 1 and the slope factor loadings equal to 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Correlated measurement residuals were not included in the initial model. The model fit the data well according to the relative fit indices, with χ2(16)=623.877, CFI=.990, SRMR=.031, RMSEA=.084. The mean of the intercept factor was 27.211, which is nearly identical to the observed mean of the same for the first wave (27.176). Although this value is significant, the test merely indicates the value is greater than zero, so its significance is usually a trivial matter. The mean of approximately 27 suggests that, at the beginning of the study, the average respondent was in the overweight category. The mean of the slope factor was .150, p < .001, indicating that there was a significant increase of approximately .15 points on the BMI score every two years.
Effectiveness of concurrent exercise training in people with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Saima Zaki, Saurabh Sharma, Hemlata Vats
Body composition is connected with multiple physiological and pathological aspects and includes various determinants not only limited to body weight assessment but also require comprehensive evaluations (Liu et al., 2022). The results of the present review demonstrated that anthropometric parameters BMI, WC, BF%, and FFM% were effectively improved following CET in T2DM, consistent with the findings of a previous meta-analysis (Kumar et al., 2019). This is as per the ADA recommendation, which states that weight loss strategies should be an integral part of T2DM management (Franz, 2017). Out of the seven included studies, five included overweight individuals (Annibalini et al., 2017; Bassi et al., 2016; Rad, Bijeh, Hosseini, and Saeb, 2023; Saeidi et al., 2021; Silveira-Rodrigues et al., 2021), while one study included overweight and obese individuals and the other study included obese individuals (Moghadam et al., 2022). It was revealed in a study that almost 80–90% of the individuals with T2DM lie under the category of overweight/obese (Nianogo and Arah, 2022) and similar findings were observed in our review. Despite the reduction in BMI, our results were not able to reveal significant findings on weight loss following CET. The reasons could be the heterogeneity in study design, and the inclusion, and exclusion criteria of the included studies.
Factors associated with frequent physical activity among United States adults with asthma
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2023
Moreover, studies have found that physical activity reduces the risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus by maintaining a healthy body weight (36,37). Frequent physical activity can help minimize the risks associated with being overweight or obese. Another study by He et al. reported that being overweight or obese was related to mobility problems (e.g. physical difficulties). Engaging in regular or light physical activity would lower the risk of developing mobility problems (38). Frequent physical activity has also been associated with a reduced risk of declining physical health, regardless of ability to maintain ideal body weight or other factors (e.g. age, race, sex, socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol use) (39). Thus, maintaining a healthy body weight is vital for good health, preventing functional limitations, and reporting frequent physical activity.
Current methods for developing predictive energy equations in maintenance dialysis are imprecise
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Alainn Bailey, Rebecca Brody, Joachim Sackey, J. Scott Parrott, Emily Peters, Laura Byham-Gray
All of the parent studies implemented similar data collection protocols. Demographic data were collected from individuals and medical records, and clinical/anthropometric data were collected on a non-dialysis day. Body weight was measured in pounds or kilograms. Height was assessed, without shoes, using a stadiometer. IC was conducted using a metabolic cart (Cosmed Quark RMR®, Rome, Italy). Participants were asked to refrain from vigorous physical activity and fast for 12 h before IC. If a 12 h fast was not achievable, a minimum fast of 4 h was requested. Fasting was implemented to minimise the effects of fluid accumulation on both weight and body composition. IC took place in the morning, in a comfortable room. Patients were recumbent, still, and awake for a minimum of twenty minutes. A plastic canopy was placed over the participant’s head to capture inspired and expired gas. The measurement was conducted for at least twenty minutes, and an abbreviated 5 min was documented at steady-state, with a variation coefficient of <10% [28]. Data utilised in this study included mREE, age, race, ethnicity, sex, dialysis vintage, weight, height, BMI, and clinical measurements (CRP, albumin).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Body Mass Index
- Broselow Tape
- Clearance
- Metabolism
- Weighing Scale
- Parent
- Weight Cutting
- Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
- Olympic Weightlifting
- Powerlifting