Anatomical Terminology
A Stewart Whitley, Charles Sloane, Gail Jefferson, Ken Holmes, Craig Anderson in Clark's Pocket Handbook for Radiographers, 2016
Three planes of the body are used extensively for descriptions of positioning both in plain X-ray imaging as well as other cross-sectional imaging techniques. The planes described are mutually at right angles to each other. Median sagittal plane divides the body into right and left halves.Any plane parallel to this, but dividing the body into unequal right and left portions, is simply known as a sagittal plane or parasagittal plane.Coronal plane divides the body into an anterior part and a posterior part.Transverse or axial plane divides the body into a superior part and an inferior part.
Breast imaging
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha in Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
Despite the great individual variation in the external form of the breast, the approximately circular attachment to the chest wall is constant. Vertically the attachment extends from the second to the sixth rib, and at the level of the fourth costal cartilage it extends transversely from the side of the sternum to the mid-axillary line. A line drawn from the centre of the circle to the nipple can be termed the breast axis. Two planes of importance in radiographic positioning pass through the breast axis. The axial plane divides the breast into inner and outer portions; the transverse plane lies at right angles to the vertical axial plane, intersecting it along the breast axis. The breast is thus divided into quadrants (Fig. 12.4a), termed upper outer, lower outer, lower inner and upper inner, respectively. In the normal erect resting position, the axial plane makes an angle of 20–30° with the sagittal plane of the body, and the transverse plane makes an angle of 30–50° with the horizontal.
Fundamentals
Clare E. Milner in Functional Anatomy for Sport and Exercise, 2019
All joint movements can be considered to be rotations about an axis, like a door moving around the pins of its hinges, as one segment rotates about the other. There are three anatomical axes which are associated with the three cardinal planes. The flexion-extension movement that can be seen in the sagittal plane is rotation about a mediolateral axis. This axis lies parallel to the frontal plane and perpendicular to the sagittal plane. It runs from side-to-side across the joint and is occasionally referred to as the frontal axis. The abduction-adduction movement in the frontal plane is rotation about an anteroposterior axis. This axis lies parallel to the sagittal plane and perpendicular to the frontal plane and is occasionally called the sagittal axis. Third, internal and external rotations are about a vertical axis. This axis is parallel to both the frontal and sagittal planes and perpendicular to the transverse plane. It is also referred to as the longitudinal, or long, axis.
Difference in cochlear length between male and female patients
Published in Cochlear Implants International, 2022
Ashley Baguant, Anthony Cole, Antoine Vilotitch, Raphaele Quatre, Sebastien Schmerber
In our cohort, we included all adults over 18 years old, who underwent a temporal bone CT scan in our tertiary medical center between October 2014 and January 2020, whatever the medical reason. CT scans which demonstrated any type of cochlear anatomical malformation were excluded from the study. All scans were performed using a 40-section spiral CT scanner (Philips 40; Philips Healthcare®) with the following parameters: 0.5 mm collimation, 0.27 incrementation, 0.375 pitch, 0.55 mm section thickness, 140 kV, 300 mA, a 90 cm field of view and a 1024 × 1024 matrix. The initial data sets were then reconstructed at 0.2 mm intervals with iterative reconstructions. Both sides were reconstructed separately in the axial plane. We used the XERO Viewer 8.1.2 Software (AGFA Health Care Enterprise Imaging) to perform multiplanar reconstructions.
Three-dimensional analysis of acetabular orientation using a semi-automated algorithm
Published in Computer Assisted Surgery, 2019
Changhwan Lee, Jongseong Jang, Hyung Wook Kim, Young Soo Kim, Yeesuk Kim
In the first phase, we used an iterative method to determine the pelvic coordinate system according to the method of Lee et al. [8] (Figure 1). This method is useful for measuring the anterior pelvic plane (APP), as it has favorable intra-observer reliability (ICCs =1), and the results from this method are similar to those determined by an experienced surgeon (ICCs ≥0.937). The APP was defined as the tangential plane of the pelvis determined by four pelvic landmarks: the right and left anterior superior iliac spines and the right and left pubic tubercles. Four ROI boxes for each landmark were defined manually by the user in 3-D space. After that, the landmarks were determined by an iterative compensation algorithm of the pelvic pose. The algorithm proceeded by decreasing the difference in angle between the estimated APP of the current iteration and that of the previous iteration. The iteration was stopped when the angle was less than one degree (<1°). Each landmark from the last iteration was the most ventral point with respect to the patient and was defined as the true landmark, and the APP was estimated using the least square method [9]. The sagittal plane was generated by the line connecting the two midpoints of the bilateral anatomical landmarks and the normal vector of the APP. The axial plane was perpendicular to both coronal and sagittal planes.
High signal-intensity abnormalities in susceptibility-weighted imaging for primary intracerebral hemorrhage
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2019
Jing-Jing Liang, Lu Lei, Yan-Ping Zeng, Zhe-Man Xiao
MRI scans were performed using the 3 Tesla MRI systems (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA), and imaging parameters were as follows: T1WI, T2WI, and SWI. All images were obtained in the axial plane. T1WI was performed using the following parameters: repetition time: 1783 ms; echo time: 28.1 ms; layer thickness: 5.5 mm; and matrix size: 512 × 512. T2WI was performed using the following parameters: repetition time: 4500 ms; echo time: 107.0 ms; layer thickness: 5.5 mm; and matrix size: 512 × 512. SWI was performed using the following parameters: repetition time: 76.6 ms; echo time: 44.6 ms; layer thickness: 2.0 mm; and matrix size: 512 × 512.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Coronal Plane
- Sagittal Plane
- Mediastinum
- Anatomical Plane
- Transpyloric Plane
- Subcostal Plane
- Transumbilical Plane
- Supracristal Plane
- Intertubercular Plane
- Interspinous Plane