Kicking
Paul Grimshaw, Michael Cole, Adrian Burden, Neil Fowler in Instant Notes in Sport and Exercise Biomechanics, 2019
Like most sporting activities, injuries in kicking-related sports are generally caused by deficits in a player’s fitness, training errors, environmental factors or mechanisms related to sport-specific equipment. Under controlled conditions, the forces that are transmitted across the knee joint while performing the kicking action are considerable; however, in competition, players are frequently required to perform the task while being challenged by an opponent. For example, in soccer, a tackle made by an opposing player has the potential to place the knee in a vulnerable position and can lead to the ligaments of this joint being easily injured. Under these situations, a rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), with or without a concomitant tear of the medial collateral ligament (MCL), can be quite common. The ACL is one of the main supporting ligaments of the knee (Figure F5.3) and is responsible for supporting the knee in a movement known as anterior tibial translation, where the tibia is moved anteriorly (forward) with respect to the femur. In addition, the ligament also contributes to the stability of the joint during rotation of the tibia on the femur. The ligaments, together with the muscles, provide joint support and stability, and injury to these ligaments of the knee can seriously affect an athlete’s career.
Knee disorders
Maneesh Bhatia, Tim Jennings in An Orthopaedics Guide for Today's GP, 2017
Almost every ‘soft tissue’ injury to the knee has its typical history. The meniscus is usually injured by a twisting grinding force with the knee in flexion, e.g. deep squatting position. The patient will experience acute pain. If the meniscus displaces and gets lodged between the tibia and femur, the knee will be painfully locked (inability to fully extend). Swelling is often noticeable hours later. ACL injury is commonly due to a sudden deceleration and pivoting force on the knee (e.g. rapid change of direction while running). If the injury is caused by contact, it is due to a valgus or hyperextension force. The patient reports an audible painful pop and inability to continue with activity. Swelling is immediate, in contrast to meniscus injury. The mechanism of patellar dislocation is not dissimilar to ACL injury, but the patient reports the knee ‘dislocates’ with sudden collapse. Swelling is immediate with pain in the medial side of the knee.2
Test Paper 4
Teck Yew Chin, Susan Cheng Shelmerdine, Akash Ganguly, Chinedum Anosike in Get Through, 2017
A 23-year-old man presents with an acute injury of his knee sustained during a friendly football match following a rough tackle. The patient reports having heard a pop and the knee started swelling immediately. He is unable to weight-bear and had to be carried off the field. An MRI is organised with high suspicion of ACL injury. All of the following are indirect signs of ACL injury, except Bone bruising in lateral tibiofemoral compartmentDeep lateral femoral sulcus >1.5 mmUncovering of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscusPosterior translation of the tibiaPCL bowing <105 degrees
The presence of high-grade pivot shift test preoperatively is associated with inferior functional outcomes
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2022
Ravi Gupta, Anil Kapoor, Akash Singhal, Bharath Mali Patil, Parth Bansal
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the primary restrain to anterior translation of the tibia on the femur and is responsible for the rotational stability of the knee. Lachman and pivot shift tests are performed to assess an ACL tear [1]. Pivot shift test is a more specific test for the diagnosis of ACL tear [2]. It is a dynamic test and assess anterolateral rotatory instability of the knee. International Knee Documentation Committee Classification (IKDC) graded this test on four-point scale: grade 0 (none), grade 1 (glide), grade 2 (clunk), and grade 3 (gross) [3]. There are a number of other factors that can influence the magnitude of pivot shift test such as duration of injury, meniscus tear, tibial slope, anterolateral capsule, and iliotibial band [4–12]. The effect of side of meniscus tear (medial or lateral) on pivot shift has been studied previously; however, there is no clear consensus till now [13,14].
Adding high-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation to the first phase of post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rehabilitation does not improve pain and function in young male athletes more than exercise alone: a randomized single-blind clinical trial
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2019
Bijan Forogh, Hossein Aslanpour, Ehsan Fallah, Arash Babaei-Ghazani, Safoora Ebadi
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the key ligaments for providing the required stability in the knee joint. Injury to the ACL is one of the major musculoskeletal injuries seen most often in athletes (high-risk sports such as basketball, football, skiing, and soccer), with the incidence rate of 200,000 in USA annually; with 100,000 ACL reconstructions performed each year, which is accompanied by moderate-to-severe postoperative pain [1,2]. Complications after ACL reconstruction surgery range from increased incidence of re injury, reduced knee ROM and activity, patellofemoral pain, local tenderness, or loss of sensitivity which all could impede recovery. Since the majority of ACL reconstruction operations are performed on young athletes, returning to pre-injury levels of performance is of great importance which can be achieved via proper rehabilitation programs. Knee pain after ACL reconstruction is one of the most common complications which can affect knee function inversely [3]. Pain management after surgery may cause increased patient satisfaction, quality of life, decreased length of hospitalization, and decreased overload on the socioeconomic burden [4,5]. Currently, there exists a wide variety of pain management approaches after arthroscopic ACL reconstruction to induce the desired analgesia with lower doses of analgesics such as opioids [6,7].
On the impact force analysis of two-leg landing with a flexed knee
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Marzieh Mojaddarasil, Mohammad Jafar Sadigh
One of the important parameters, which is seen to be relevant to knee landing injuries, is the initial contact posture. It was suggested in references (Boden et al. 2000; Huston et al. 2000; Olsen et al 2004; Griffin et al. 2006; Cochrane et al 2007; Lin et al. 2009) that landing with the knee positioned near full extension, is the primary cause of the majority of ACL injuries. The initial contact posture can be changed easily and inexpensively, which makes it a favourable parameter to look into for training landing skills or designing knee joint protectors that reduce the knee impact force and the risk of knee landing injuries. Therefore, the effect of landing posture on the impact forces, and the dependency of this effect on other parameters such as muscular activities, is well worth studying.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Medial Meniscus
- Stifle Joint
- Tibia
- Ligament
- Cruciate Ligament
- Posterior Cruciate Ligament
- Knee
- Lower Extremity of Femur
- Intercondylar Area
- Luxating Patella