Clinical Diagnosis of Pleural Disease
Philip T. Cagle, Timothy C. Allen, Mary Beth Beasley in Diagnostic Pulmonary Pathology, 2008
Two histochemical tests are useful for the differentiation of mesothelioma from adenocarcinoma. The Alcian blue stain detects the acid mucins characteristic of mesothelioma. It is positive in about 50% of patients with mesothelioma but is rarely positive in patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma. The periodic acid-Schiff stain after diastase digestion (PAS-D) detects neutral mucins, which are diagnostic of adenocarcinoma. It is positive in approximately 60% of patients with adenocarcinomas. In summary, if the specimen stains positively with the Alcian blue stain, the patient in all probability has mesothelioma, while if the specimen stains positively with the PAS-D stain, the patient has metastatic adenocarcinoma, but if the specimen is positive for neither, no conclusion can be made.
Photosensitive Manifestations of HIV Disease
Clay J. Cockerell, Antoanella Calame in Cutaneous Manifestations of HIV Disease, 2012
Aside from certain HIV-associated findings, such as the coexistence of KS in occasional biopsy specimens, the histology of GA lesions in HIV patients is virtually identical to that seen in immunocompetent patients.46 Microscopic examination of biopsy specimens typically shows a normal epidermis with a diffuse infiltrate of histiocytes in the dermis, with deposition of mucin and focal degeneration of collagen demonstrating the palisaded granulomatous pattern. There is also usually an infiltrate of lymphocytes around superficial blood vessels. Another pattern consists of a diffuse infiltrate of histiocytes between and among collagen with poorly formed palisaded granulomas, the interstitial pattern. Dermal mucin deposition can be observed as a grayish-blue substance with hematoxylin and eosin stain and can be highlighted with the Alcian blue stain. Multinucleated histiocytes may be prominent in some lesions and in some cases, there may be scattered eosinophils and plasma cells.46
Cardiac Tumours
Mary N. Sheppard in Practical Cardiovascular Pathology, 2022
The cysts infiltrate and destroy the AV node (Fig. 7.36). The cysts are lined by a cuboidal cell layer with underlying transitional cells, giving a multi-layered appearance (Fig. 7.37). Between the large cysts are multiple nests of cells of varying size, some with a central lumen while others appear solid (Fig. 7.38). In many areas, especially in the smaller nests, the cells are often squamoid in appearance, also with sebaceous and transitional cells. Many of the nuclei are ovoid and have a cleft-like longitudinal indentation, resembling so-called coffee-bean nuclei. There is no pleomorphism or mitoses, which differentiates this tumour from metastatic adenocarcinoma. The PAS and the alcian blue stain will demonstrate foci of positive staining within the lumen of these cysts and they can occasionally calcify. The cellular nests and cystic structure are set in a dense tissue stroma. Collagen and elastic fibres are abundant. The tumour replaces part or all of the AV node and may extend upwards into the atrial septum and downwards into the AV bundle, but does not extend into the myocardium or into the tricuspid valve. No metastases from the tumour have been reported. The cells are keratin, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (Fig. 7.39), which favours an epithelial rather than a mesothelial origin.
A rare case of recurrent isolated eyelid myxoma: Case report and review of literature
Published in Orbit, 2022
Anamika Joshi, Saumya Jakati, Mohammad Javed Ali
A definitive diagnosis of myxomas requires histopathological analysis. A myxoid change with spindle- or stellate-shaped stromal cells is characteristic. They contain small- to medium-sized thin-walled blood vessels, imparting a slightly angiomatous appearance, and hence commonly termed as superficial angiomyxomas. Mitotic figures are usually sparse with no nuclear atypia or hyperchromasia. Often, collagen delicately investigates the tumour periphery and extends into the lesion, partially dividing it into nodules. Abnormal epithelial components like epidermoid cyst with keratin and entrapped hair follicles may be seen. Frequent extension of tumour cells into subcutaneous tissue and dermis can be seen, as was present in our case. Epidermis is usually spared. Allen et al. showed two cases of cutaneous myxoid tumours associated with inflammation having ulceration of epidermis.1 Alcian blue stain demonstrates the mucin in the lesion well. The spindle cells are usually negative for S-100 protein, vimentin, smooth muscle actin, and keratin; however, they show positivity for CD34 on immunostaining.3 However, in a case report by Yuen et al. of an isolated eyelid myxoma, tumour cells showed negativity for CD 34.4
Alcohol decreases intestinal ratio of Lactobacillus to Enterobacteriaceae and induces hepatic immune tolerance in a murine model of DSS-colitis
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Paulius V. Kuprys, Abigail R. Cannon, Jennifer Shieh, Noama Iftekhar, Sun K. Park, Joshua M. Eberhardt, Xianzhong Ding, Mashkoor A. Choudhry
The healthy large intestine is covered by mucins, which act as a barrier to limit bacterial interaction with the intestinal epithelium.35 However, in IBD there are marked disruptions of the intestinal mucin, which allow for increased interaction of the bacteria with the intestinal epithelium, which may induce a flare.36–39 In our model, we first assessed mucin changes using a PAS-Alcian blue stain of intestinal sections. We observed that mucin staining was unaffected in the control mice but severely decreased in the DSS mice regardless of ethanol exposure (Figure 4a). The decreased intestinal mucin levels in the DSS mice suggests that bacterial interaction with the epithelium is uninhibited. We isolated large intestine epithelial cells (IECs) and assessed their expression of mucins and trefoil factor, a marker of intestinal health. Mucin 2, mucin 4, intestinal trefoil factor 3 were all significantly decreased ~twofold in the DSS+Vehicle and DSS+Ethanol mice when compared to the Control+Vehicle mice (p < .05) (Figure 4b). This mirrors the histologic changes observed in Figure 4a. These data suggest that DSS induces a primary effect on intestinal mucin depletion, while alcohol has no additive effect.
Isolation and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells and its antitumor application on ovarian cancer cell line
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Farideh Mohammadian, Babak Negahdari
The results from this present study showed that spindle-shaped BMMSCs replication approached as much as 75–95% of the original concentration within 5 and 8 days, respectively. Findings from this study shows that BMMSCs differentiated into oestrogenic lineage as shown testing positive for Oil Red and Alizarin red stain after culture in adipogenic and oestrogenic induction medium, respectively, whereas BMMSCs were cultured in control medium did not display any positivity for Alizarin red stain. The results of staining with Oil Red and Alizarin red displayed a successful differentiation to adipogenic and oestrogenic cells. For the examination of proteoglycan, these cells were stained with Alcian blue stain. Chondrogenesis for BMMSCs stained positively with Alcian blue.
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