Abdomen
David Heylings, Stephen Carmichael, Samuel Leinster, Janak Saada, Bari M. Logan, Ralph T. Hutchings in McMinn’s Concise Human Anatomy, 2017
The abdomen or abdominal cavity is the part of the trunk below the diaphragm that separates it from the thoracic cavity. Abdominal pain is a common reason to visit the doctor. The abdomen is also the site where excess fat is deposited. The possibility of disease or injury affecting so many organs makes abdominal surgery one of the more common reasons for admission to hospital. Inflammation of the peritoneum is highly dangerous because it involves about as much surface area in a pathological process as all of the skin covering the body. In thin muscular individuals the tendinous intersections may be seen as transverse depressions on the surface. Damage to the ilioinguinal nerve in the canal does not affect the nerve supply to the muscle fibres guarding the canal, because the motor innervation arises from the nerve well before it reaches the canal; it is incisions in the lateral part of the abdominal wall that may damage it.
Access to the abdominal cavity: natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery
Stanley M Goldberg in Operative Surgery of the Colon, Rectum and Anus Operative Surgery of the Colon, Rectum and Anus, 2015
Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is a new, evolving, minimally invasive surgical technique that aims to reduce the impact of surgical access by eliminating abdominal wounds together. 1, 2 In this innovative technique, the abdominal cavity is accessed with a flexible endoscope through a natural body orifice (e.g. the mouth, anus, or vagina) to perform diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. NOTES has potential benefits over conventional laparoscopic surgery that include less pain, quicker recovery, fewer wound complications, fewer adhesions, and better cosmesis. The concept of NOTES has been tested in animal models since 2004, and many experimental studies have shown the potential for application of this technique to various surgical procedures. Recently, human applications of NOTES have been introduced.
The Gastrointestinal System
Julian Burton, Sarah Saunders, Stuart Hamilton in Atlas of Adult Autopsy Pathology, 2015
The normal stomach is a highly distensible flask-like organ in the upper abdominal cavity. At autopsy, it is typically opened at the fundus, and this allows the collection of the gastric contents, which should be measured and described. In suspected deaths from anaphylaxis, the stomach contents should be photographed. The stomach can then be opened along the greater curve to permit inspection of the mucosa. Normal gastric mucosa is tan, glistening, and thrown into rugae.
Significance of measurements of herniary area and volume and abdominal cavity volume in the treatment of incisional hernia: Application of CT 3D reconstruction in 17 cases
Published in Computer Aided Surgery, 2012
Sheng Yao, Ji-ye Li, Fei-de Liu, Li-juan Pei
Objective: To investigate the value of CT 3D reconstruction in the diagnosis and treatment of incisional hernia and the related factor of abdominal cavity volume. Methods: Abdominal wall defect and herniary volume were measured using 3D reconstruction based on plain CT scans in 17 patients with incisional hernias. Results: The herniary diameter, area and volume could be measured in the 17 patients and the abdominal cavity volume was also measured in 10 patients using the 3D reconstruction technique. The correlation indices of the abdominal cavity volume with the patient's height, weight and body mass index (BMI) were all less than 0.01. Conclusion: Herniary area and volume and abdominal cavity volume can be accurately calculated through CT 3D reconstruction. The patch area should be more than 5 times as large as the defect area; combined with the perioperative overlap margin measurement method, this results in more scientific surgical management. The ratio of the herniary volume to the abdominal cavity volume may be conducive to preoperative assessment of the risk of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS); however, the ratio that may lead to postoperative ACS remains to be determined. There are correlations of abdominal cavity volume with patient height, weight and BMI, especially with weight. We therefore propose that the abdominal cavity volume should be evaluated with internationally accepted indices.
Intra-abdominal pressure
Published in Clinical Intensive Care, 1995
The abdominal cavity is the space limited by the diaphragm above and the musculo-aponeurotic perineum below, the lumbosacral spine posteriorly and the walls of the abdominal cavity anterolaterally. Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) is a steady-state pressure within the abdominal cavity and while transient rapid increases occur during muscular activity and straining,1 the normal range is 0-5 mmHg. What constitutes increased intraabdominal pressure is arbitrary, and while some authors define an increase as a pressure ≥10 mmHg,2 others suggest ≥14 mmHg,3 ≥18 mmHg4 or ≥20 mmHg,5,6 It would be reasonable to assume that an IAP ≥15 mmHg is elevated.
Chlorinated pesticides levels in human adipose tissue in the district of Poznań
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health . Part A: Environmental Science and Engineering, 1986
G.A. Szymczyński, S.M. Waliszewski, M. Tuszewski, P. Pyda
Samples of adipose tissue from the abdominal cavity were taken at random at surgeries on abdominal cavity /24 samples/ and at necropsy of the deceased /29 samples/ in the early nineteen eighties. The samples were then analyzed for the presence of chlorinated pesticides by means of gas chromatography with electron capture detection. All the analyzed samples contained beta‐BHC, Lindane, HCB, pp'‐DDE and DDT isomers.