Oncology
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss in Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
The etiology of malignant lymphoma is uncertain; however, there seems to be an association with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Patients with primary immunodeficiency disease, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and those on immunosuppressive therapy are at risk of developing lymphoma. Terms associated with the pathology include Reed-Sternberg (R-S) cells; Rye classification (histology); Rappaport system (categorization of morphology, cell type, differentiation); and large-cell, small-cell lymphoblastic.
Special Groups
Vineet Relhan, Vijay Kumar Garg, Sneha Ghunawat, Khushbu Mahajan in Comprehensive Textbook on Vitiligo, 2020
Primary immunodeficiency diseases include numerous sporadic and genetic diseases characterized by an increased susceptibility to infections. These have varied clinical presentations, and there may be a paradoxical increase in autoimmune associations, including vitiligo. The underlying mechanisms are poorly understood; however, it is proposed that the genetic defect responsible for immunodeficiency could itself contribute to an abnormal development of T- and B-cell lines, which in turn predispose the patient to autoimmune phenomena. Important disorders in this category associated with vitiligo include the following.
Clinical Applications of Thymic Hormones, Current Status, and Perspectives
Marek P. Dabrowski, Barbara K. Dabrowska-Bernstein in Immunoregulatory Role of Thymus, 2019
Those clinical and immunological results obtained in primary immunodeficiency disorders treated with TH point both to the heterogenous character of this group of immune disorders and to the individual way of progressing of each of them in different patients. Consequently, no one particular system or exactly defined therapeutic schedule seems to be preferentially advisable. However, practical advantages and still finally unresolved potential immunorestorative abilities of thymic endocrine repertoire speak in favor of further therapeutic trials with TH in congenital immunodeficiency diseases.
Systemic lupus erythematosus and immunodeficiency
Published in Immunological Medicine, 2019
Tetsuji Sawada, Daiki Fujimori, Yusuke Yamamoto
Immunodeficiency results from a defective host defense system involving either innate or acquired immunity, and is characterized by increased susceptibility to infection. It is most common in children and manifests as repeated, severe, opportunistic, or chronic infections involving various types of microorganisms [1]. Immunodeficiency can be classified as primary or secondary. Primary immunodeficiency is caused by an intrinsic or congenital defect of the immune system, which is mediated by genetic mutations that affect the development, differentiation, and function of immune cells. In contrast, secondary immunodeficiency is caused by dysfunction of the immune system as a result of extrinsic factors, such as immunosuppressive drugs, infection (including human immunodeficiency virus), malignancy, aging, malnutrition, and chronic diseases.
Serum thymosin alpha 1 levels in normal and pathological conditions
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2018
Francesca Pica, Roberta Gaziano, Ida Antonia Casalinuovo, Gabriella Moroni, Cristina Buè, Dolores Limongi, Cartesio D’Agostini, Carlo Tomino, Roberto Perricone, Anna Teresa Palamara, Paola Sinibaldi Vallebona, Enrico Garaci
There is no doubt that 1975 represents a key year in the history of thymosin. Consistently, in 1975, a landmark paper by Wara and Coll. in the New England Journal of Medicine documented for the first time the immune-restorative and potentially life-saving properties of thymosin in clinical medicine [50]. The subjects of that study were two groups of patients presenting with primary immunodeficiency or viral disease, respectively. Lymphocytes from those patients were incubated in vitro with calf thymus extracts and sheep erythrocytes. The results showed that the T cells populations increased until they reached their normal population after which thymosin had no further effect on them [50]. Thereafter, a female patient with primary immunodeficiency secondary to thymic hypoplasia received thymosin in vivo. Results showed that her T cells rosettes increased by 33% [51] and she also showed remarkable clinical improvement. Further investigations confirmed that the development of T cell immunity requires a properly functioning thymus and that thymic polypeptides are mediators of the differentiation of precursor lymphocytes into mature thymus derived lymphocytes (T cells) [52].
Cytomegalovirus viremia and resistance patterns in immunocompromised children: An 11-year experience
Published in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2020
Edward Kim, Basim I. Asmar, Ronald Thomas, Nahed Abdel-Haq
Patients aged newborn to 21 years who were treated at Children’s Hospital of Michigan at Detroit Medical Center for CMV viremia during an 11-year period (January 2007 to January 2017) were included in the study. The Children’s Hospital of Michigan is a tertiary care teaching pediatric hospital with a 220-bed capacity. We included patients who were immunocompromised due to oncologic processes or organ transplantation, patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders, as well as acquired immunodeficiency disorders including Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and those receiving cancer chemotherapy or immunosuppressive therapy. Congenital CMV patients were excluded. For this study we reviewed the demographic features of the patients, laboratory findings including microbiologic data as well as radiological studies. We also reviewed response to treatment and outcome. Collected data were analyzed to determine the prevalence and genotype/resistance pattern of CMV viremia strains, and antiviral treatment agents used.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Developmental Disability
- Immune System
- Autoimmune Disease
- Infection
- Cancer
- Lymphoma
- Immunodeficiency
- Genetic Disorder
- Inborn Errors of Immunity
- Complete Blood Count