History-taking model
Kaji Sritharan, Vivian A Elwell, Sachi Sivananthan in Essential OSCE Topics for Medical and Surgical Finals, 2007
Introduction and consultationObtain the patient’s notes and familiarise yourself with his past medical history.Find out how long he has been in drug rehabilitation.Find out when he received his last prescription for methadone.Introduce yourself to the patient and establish a rapport.Establish why the patient has come to see you today.
Failures of Incarceration
Thomas C. Rowe in Federal Narcotics Laws and the War on Drugs, 2013
This is all very costly. It takes a good deal of money to run a prison system. You have to build the prisons, maintain them in some semblance of working order, and hire staff to guard and manage the prisoners. You must also feed and clothe the prisoners, and look after their health needs. Other mandated costs can include maintaining a prison law library, drug rehabilitation programs, or educational programs. The actual cost is very difficult to estimate, as all of these figures will change with the level of security needed and the geographic location. Remember that this is only the end of the prisoner pipeline—it also costs money to prosecute people and to keep tabs on prisoners when they are released.
Criminal and civil law for the psychiatrist in England and Wales
John C. Gunn, Pamela J. Taylor in Forensic Psychiatry, 2014
A drug rehabilitation requirement provides fast access to a drug treatment programme. Offenders agree their treatment plan with the probation and treatment services. The plan will set out the level of treatment and testing and what is required at each stage of the order. This type of sentence is for problem drug users aged over 16 who commit crime to fund their drug habit and show a willingness to cooperate with treatment. The requirement lasts for between 6 months and 3 years. Treatment is carried out either as an inpatient or outpatient and includes regular drug testing and court reviews. Failure to stick to the treatment plan will mean a return to court for breach of the order.
Relationship between anxiety and drug abstention motivation in men with substance use disorders: a cross-sectional study of compulsory isolation rehabilitation in China
Published in Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 2023
Yeqing Li, Xiaoqing Zeng, Huiyan Zhou
Previous research investigating drug abstention motivation focused on its relationship with abuse (Lu et al., 2017), self-concept and self-efficacy (Chung & Maisto, 2016; Majer et al., 2015), and social norms and social support (Dohnke et al., 2011); however, these studies paid limited attention to the relationship between emotion and drug abstention motivation. According to the motivational dimensional model of affect, emotion involves motivation, and emotions with different motivational intensities have different effects on attention and cognition (Gable & Harmon-Jones, 2010). Second, previous studies concerning drug abstention motivation mainly focused on people with substance use disorders in Western society (Gideon, 2010; Laudet & Stanick, 2010; Lu et al., 2017). Theoretically, different approaches to drug rehabilitation have different effects on emotion and drug abstention motivation in drug use disorders, but researches involving people with substance use disorders in the context of compulsory isolation for drug rehabilitation remain insufficient.
Effect of Ego Depletion on Interpersonal Trust among Individuals with Substance Use Disorders
Published in Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2020
In this study, the ego depletion effect varied across different abstinence stages. With regard to trusting SUD strangers, five of the six stages of drug rehabilitation showed that ego depleted participants were more likely to trust SUD strangers than non-depleted participants. In particular, the ego depletion effect reached significance at the fifth stage. In addition, individuals with SUD, who were drug-free for 21 to 24 months, showed more trust in non-SUD strangers when they were ego depleted than when they were not ego depleted. However, after ego depletion, they showed an equally high level of trust in SUD strangers and other strangers. This result is contrary to the prediction of the strength model but consistent with the prediction of the process model. By the end of SUD treatment, ego depleted individuals with SUD increased their social relationship with non-SUD partners. Individuals with SUD usually choose similar individuals as friends (Bauman and Ennett 1996). However, they also initiate and escalate their use of drugs through their friends, who often form a heterogeneous group (Richmond, Mermelstein, and Metzger 2012). Therefore, trust in non-SUD partners also indicates a sign of drug craving for ego depleted individuals. This finding suggests a complex mental shift process of individuals with SUD toward the end of compulsory drug rehabilitation, which is worthy of future research.
Powerlessness in the moral self: a social cognitive perspective on drug users
Published in Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions, 2021
Secondly, the study found that drug users were notably pro-drug in their moral judgment compared to non-drug users. The study predicted the result by drawing on social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979, 1986) as a framework for viewing drug users in the context of their social interaction. The present study is subject to an empirical limitation because it can be questioned whether the result occurred mainly by their self-justifying reasoning rather than by rationalization against cognitive dissonance. However, the study theoretically suggested that drug users’ pro-drug reasoning could be also viewed as self-justifying reasoning for their perceived negative social identity. It is indisputable that cognitive interventions such as awareness programs and psycho-education have been efficacious to help individuals with drug problems. Cognitive-behavioral therapy has been prevailing in drug rehabilitation and addiction treatment to facilitate drug users in coping with cravings by helping them dismiss irrational and destructive thoughts and behaviors. In these efforts, practitioners need to differentiate drug users’ self-justifying reasoning from irrational thinking patterns. In that respect, it is recommendable to pursue further empirical research on drug users’ moral reasoning from social cognitive perspectives. It will help create ideas and environments in which drug users can bravely come out of the shade of self-justification and desire integrated and positive identity.
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